| 单词 | 总是 |
| 释义 | 〔ordinary〕The part of the Mass that remains unchanged from day to day.常规弥撒：弥撒仪式总是保持不变的那一部分〔straight〕always votes a straight party line; a straight Democrat.总是投票支持某一政党；忠实的民主党员〔good〕He is always good for a laugh.他总是逗人发笑〔sleepless〕Always alert or active; never resting:警觉的：总是警觉或活跃的；从不休息的：〔side〕always sleeps on his side; a side of beef.总是侧着身子睡觉；牛的胁肉〔top〕a senator who is always on top of the issues.一位消息总是很灵通的参议员〔zag〕zigging and zagging for years over the question of disarmament.多年来在裁军问题上总是反复不定〔gauntlet〕In the first and second editions ofThe American Heritage Dictionary Usage Notes explained why the spelling gauntlet is acceptable for bothgauntlet 1 and gauntlet 2. Such has not always been the case.The story ofgauntlet 1, as into throw down the gauntlet, is unexciting: it comes from the Old French wordgantelet, a diminutive of gant, "glove.” From the time of its appearance in Middle English (in a work composed in 1449),the word has been spelled with anau as well as an a, still a possible spelling. But the othergauntlet, as into run the gauntlet, is an alteration of the earlier English formgantlope, which came from the Swedish wordgatlopp, a compound ofgata, "lane,” and lopp, "course.” The earliest recorded form of the English word,found in 1646,isgantelope, showing that alteration of the Swedish word had already occurred. The English word was then influenced by the spelling of the wordgauntlet, "glove,” and in 1676 we find the first recorded instance of the spellinggauntlet for this word, althoughgantelope is found as late as 1836. From then on spellings withau and a are both found. Theau seems to have won out, although one could say that thea is preferable because it reflects the Swedish source.In regard to a word that has been so altered in form,this seems a rather fine point.在第一和第二版的美国经典辞书 的用法说明解释了为什么拼写 gauntlet 是可接受的， 既对于gauntlet 1，又对于 gauntlet 2。 情况并不总是这样。gauntlet 1的故事， 如在拒绝挑战 中并不令人激动： 它来自于一法语老词gantelet ， gant 的小词缀“手套”。 自从它在中古英语出现之后（在1449年编的一著作中），这个词同au 的拼写已同 a 一样仍是可能的拼写形式。 但是另一个gauntlet ， 如在接受挑战 中， 是早期英语形式gantlope 的一个变体， 其来自于一瑞典词gatlopp ， gata “巷子”和 lopp “方向”的组合。 最早的这个英语单词的记录，出现于1646年，是gantelope ，表示这个瑞典单词的变体已出现。 这个英语单词然后被单词gauntlet “手套”的拼写所影响， 在1676年，我们发现了gauntlet 第一个有记录的例子， 尽管gantelope 直到1836年才发现。 此后，带有au 和 a 的拼写形式都被发现过。 au 似乎占优势， 尽管一个人可能说a 更好， 因它反映了瑞典语源。说到一个形式已发生了如此变化的单词，这似乎是个好建议〔front〕"In . . . personal liability suits, a lawyer is fronting both time and money"(Richard Faille)“在个人负债的诉讼中，律师总是预付时间和金钱”(理查德·法耶)〔pry〕always prying into the affairs of others.总是打听别人的事情〔error〕"Nothing is easy in war.Mistakes are always paid for in casualties" (Dwight D. Eisenhower).“战争中没有易事。错误总是由伤亡来回报” （德威特·D·艾森豪威尔）。〔emotional〕an emotional person who often weeps.一个总是抹眼泪的情绪化的人〔platter〕always got what they wanted on a platter.总是毫不费力地得到他们想要的东西〔leap〕always leaping to conclusions.总是突然作出结论〔bring〕She always takes a pile of books home with her from school. 她总是在放学后带回家一大堆书。 〔mirth〕Her escapades were a subject of merriment in the sorority house.在女生联谊会中，她的恶作剧总是欢乐的根源。〔chat〕"He would be . . . chatting up folks from Kansas"(Vanity Fair)“他总是在和美国堪萨斯州来的人搭讪”(名利场)〔ballet〕A classical dance form characterized by grace and precision of movement and elaborate formal technique, often but not always performed on point by the women dancers.芭蕾舞：一种古典舞蹈形式，其特点为动作典雅、精确和富于精心设计的外型技巧，通常但并非总是由女演员用脚尖进行舞蹈〔trounce〕"I was out to trounce on every digression and indiscretion conducted (or should I say semiconducted) in this performance"(Robert Maxwell Stern)“我总是力图严厉责备这场表演中出现的（或者我应该说几乎出现的）偏题或疏忽”(罗伯特·马克斯韦尔·斯特恩)〔trendsetter〕"The Golden State, ever the trendsetter, reformed its property tax"(New York)“黄金州总是喜欢开创新风，它对其财产税作了改革”(纽约)〔highfalutin〕H.L. Mencken, in his famous bookThe American Language, mentions highfalutin as an example of the many native U.S. words coined during the 19th-century period of vigorous growth. Althoughhighfalutin is characteristic of American folk speech, it is not a true regionalismbecause it has always occurred in all regions of the country,with its use and popularity spurred by its appearance in print.The origin ofhighfalutin, like that of many folk expressions, is obscure. It has been suggested that the second element,-falutin, comes from the verbflute —hence high-fluting, a comical indictment of one who thinks too highly of oneself. H.L.曼肯，在其名著美国的语言 一书中指出， highfalutin 一词是众多的创造于19世纪迅速成长时期的美国本土的词汇的一个例子。 尽管highfalutin 一词是典型的美国民间用语， 但它不是方言土语，因为它总是出现在国家的各个地区。出现在印刷品上更促进了它的使用。highfalutin 一词的起源，象许多民间表达方式一样不为人所知， 曾有人说该词的第二词素-falutin， 来源于动词flute ——由此 high-fluting， 特指太自高自大的人 〔run〕He is always running on about his tax problems.对于他税务方面的问题，他总是讲个不停〔butter〕You're always buttering up the boss.你总是拍老板的马屁〔fraction〕One might think that a word likefraction as well as its ancestors might have always referred to the mathematical fraction. Certainly the mathematical notion of a fraction was known to the Babylonians, perhaps as early as 2000b.c. But our wordfraction goes back only to the Latin word frangere, "to break.” From the stem of the past participlefrāctus is derived Late Latin frāctiō, "a breaking" or "a breaking in pieces,”as in the breaking of the Eucharistic Host.In Medieval Latin the wordfrāctiō developed its mathematical sense, which was taken into Middle English along with the word.The earliest recorded sense of our word is "an aliquot part of a unit, a fraction or subdivision,”found in a work by Chaucer written about 1400.One of the next recorded instances of the word recalls its origins, referring to the "brekying or fraccioun" of a bone.人们也许认为一个词如fraction 以及它的词源总是指数学上的分数。 当然，分数的数学概念也许早在公元前 2000年就已被巴比伦人所熟知。 但fraction 一词仅能追溯到拉丁词 frangere ，“打碎”。 源自过去分词fractus 的词干是派生的后期拉丁语 fractio ， 意为“破裂”或“碎成一片片的”，如感恩节的饼的碎块。在中世纪拉丁语中，fractio 一词出现了数学意义， 这个词连同此意义都被记入中世纪英语中。这个词最早记载的意义是“一个数学单元，繁分数或再分数的约数”，出现在约1400年乔臾写的一部作品里。后来此词有记录的例子之一，指骨头上的“裂痕或碎片”，使人回忆起它的起源〔banter〕ragged her about being so stubborn;取笑她总是冥顽不灵；〔bearing〕"The President's outward demeanor was genial and relaxed" (Edmund S. Muskie). “总统仪态总是和蔼的，轻松的” （埃德蒙S·马斯基）。〔triggerman〕An underworld gunman who in premeditation shoots a victim.持枪杀手：黑社会的枪手，总是预谋进行杀人〔abstracted〕Some professors are absent-minded. 一些教授总是心不在焉的。 〔dump〕was always dumping on me.总是把责任推到我头上〔buttonhole〕"He was also frequently buttonholed by White House lobbyists . . . who seemed to be permanently assigned to shadow the burly Democrat"(Terence Moran)“他不断地被白宫的说客留住谈话…这些人似乎总是受指使而使这位率直的民主党人不快”(特伦斯·莫兰)〔run〕I am always running about, looking for my glasses.我总是在到处走，寻找我的眼镜〔impose〕You are always imposing on their generosity.你总是在利用别人的慷慨而占便宜〔uniform〕Always the same, as in character or degree; unvarying.相同的；一贯的；不变的：（如在性质或程度上）总是一样的；不变的〔serendipity〕We are indebted to the English author Horace Walpole for coining the wordserendipity. In one of his 3,000 or more letters, on which his literary reputation primarily rests,and specifically in a letter of January 28, 1754,Walpole says that "this discovery, indeed, is almost of that kind which I call Serendipity, a very expressive word.”Perhaps the word itself came to him by serendipity.Walpole formed the word on an old name for Sri Lanka,Serendip. He explained that this name was part of the title of "a silly fairy tale, calledThe Three Princes of Serendip : as their highnesses traveled, they were always making discoveries, by accidents and sagacity, of things which they were not in quest of . . . One of the most remarkable instances of thisaccidental sagacity ( for you must observe thatno discovery of a thing you are looking for, comes under this description) was of my Lord Shaftsbury [Anthony Ashley Cooper],who happening to dine at Lord Chancellor Clarendon's [Edward Hyde],found out the marriage of the Duke of York [later James II] and Mrs. Hyde [Anne Hyde, Clarendon's daughter], by the respect with which her mother [Frances Aylesbury Hyde] treated her at table.”我们非常感激英国作家霍勒斯·沃尔浦尔创造了单词serendipity。 他文学上的声誉主要依靠他的三千封或更多的信件中的一封，尤其是写于1754年一月二十八日的信中，沃尔浦尔说道“这一发现，实际上几乎是我称作意外发现珍奇事物的本领，一个非常有意味的词。”可能他得到这个单词也是靠意外发现珍奇事物的本领。沃尔浦尔创造这个词源自斯里兰卡的旧称Serendip 。 他解释说这个名字是“一个朴素的神话故事，称作The Three Princes of Serendip （斯里兰卡的三个王子）的童话”的名字的一部分： 当这些殿下旅行时，他们总是通过意外和精明地发现他们并没有寻求的东西…这种accidental sagacity（意外的聪慧） 的最著名的实例( 你必须注意到根据这种描述你没有 发现你 正在 寻找的东西） 是我的沙夫茨伯里老爷，偶然在钱塞勒·克拉伦登老爷处用餐时，发现了约克的杜克同海德夫人的婚事是根据她的母亲在吃饭款待她时发现的”〔sound〕was always sounding off about higher taxes.总是就更高税收有力地抒发自己的见解〔wont〕"The poor man is wont to complain that this is a cold world"(Henry David Thoreau)“穷人总是抱怨这是个冷酷的世界”(亨利·戴维·梭罗)〔suffer〕"Ordinary men have always had to suffer the history their leaders were making"(Herbert J. Muller)“普通人总是不得不承受他们的领袖们制造的历史”(赫伯特J.马勒)〔vertical〕 Vertical and especiallyupright are often used to signify contrast with what is horizontal; the terms do not always imply an exact right angle: Vertical 和特别是upright 经常用来表达与水平相比； 这些词并不总是指确切的直角： 〔wiggy〕"Movies invariably get wiggy when they deal with adultery"(Ty Burr)“在处理通奸问题上，电影总是变得煽情诡异”(泰贝尔)〔poky〕always wearing those poky old clothes.总是穿着那几件又旧又破的衣服 |
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