| 单词 | 延伸 |
| 释义 | 〔melt〕To pass or merge imperceptibly into something else:逐渐融合：不被察觉地延伸或融合为一体：〔substratum〕sternere [to stretch, spread] * see ster- 2sternere [伸展，延伸] * 参见 ster- 2〔continuation〕An extension by which something is carried to a further point.续篇，补编：事物被扩充延伸的附加部分〔Delta〕An area of the south-central United States extending on either side of the Mississippi River from Memphis, Tennessee, to Vicksburg, Mississippi. An important cotton-producing region, it is noted for its folk culture, especially as the home of the earliest blues music.密西西比三角洲：在密西西比河两岸延伸的美国中南部地区，从田纳西州的孟菲斯至密西西比州的维克斯堡。密西西比三角洲是重要的产棉区并以其民间文化闻名，尤指它是早期蓝调音乐的发源地〔radiate〕To extend in straight lines from or toward a center; diverge or converge like rays:呈辐射状发出，向中心集中：以直线自或向一个中心延伸；象射线一样发散或聚集：〔extend〕To stretch or spread (something) out to greater or fullest length:延伸：伸长或扩展（某物）到较大程度或最大长度：〔pantalet〕Long underpants trimmed with ruffles extending below the skirt, worn by women in the mid-19th century. Often used in the plural.荷叶边长内裤：饰有延伸至裙子以下的褶皱的长内裤，19世纪中期为妇女所穿。通常用作复数〔peritoneum〕from peritonos [stretched around] 源自 peritonos [围绕…延伸] 〔funky〕When asked which words in the English language are the most difficult to define precisely,a lexicographer would surely mentionfunky. The meaning offunky seems well captured by Geneva Smitherman in Talkin and Testifyin: The Language of Black America, where she states that funky means “[related to] the blue notes or blue mood created in jazz, blues, and soul music generally, down-to-earth soulfully expressed sounds; by extension [related to] the real nitty-gritty or fundamental essence of life, soul to the max.”Be that as it may,funky is first recorded in 1784 in a reference to musty, old, moldy cheese. Funky then developed the sense "smelling strong or bad,” which could be used to describe body odor.Butfunky was applied to jazz, too—a usage explained in 1959 by one F. Newton inJazz Scene : "Critics are on the search for something a little more like the old, original, passion-laden blues: the trade-name which has been suggested for it is ‘funky’(literally: ‘smelly,’ i.e. symbolizing the return from the upper atmosphere to the physical, down-to-earth reality).” Funky comes from the earlier nounfunk, which meant "a strong smell or stink.” This noun can probably be traced back to the Latin wordfūmus, "smoke.” 当被问及英语中最难准确定义的是哪些词时，词典编纂者肯定会提到funky 这个词。 Funky 的含义似乎被热纳瓦·史密斯曼在 语言和证明： 美国黑人语言一节中解释得很清楚，她认为 funky 指“主要在爵士乐、布鲁斯歌曲、灵乐这些发自灵魂深处的音乐中创造出的音符式的忧郁； 由此延伸为与生命本质精髓有关的，表现美国黑人及其文化特点到极致的。”Funky 最早可能被记录于1784年，用于指发霉的、过期的奶酪。 后来，funky 引申到这层意思“闻起来强烈或有异味的，” 可以用来形容身体的气味。但funky 也用于指爵士乐方面， 这种用法于1959年在一位名叫F·牛顿的人的书爵士舞台 中有所解释： “批评家们正在找一种有些更象原始的、激情洋溢的老布鲁斯歌曲一样的东西：用来表现后的词就是‘有气息的’（字面意义：‘有气味的，’也就是说，从高高在上的格调降回到自然而率直的风格）。” Funky 一词来自较早出现的名词funk， 意为“一种刺鼻的气味或臭味”。 这个词可能可追溯到拉丁词fumus， “烟” 〔dilatation〕The condition of being expanded or stretched.扩大：扩大或延伸的状况〔bear〕To extend or proceed in a specified direction:伸展：朝某一特定方向延伸或进行：〔tibia〕The inner and larger of the two bones of the lower human leg, extending from the knee to the ankle.胫骨：人的小腿两块骨中处于内侧且较大的一块，从膝部延伸至踝部〔Kunlun〕A mountain system of western China extending from the Karakoram Range eastward along the northern edge of the Xizang (Tibet) plateau. Its highest point is 7,729 m (25,341 ft).昆仑山脉：中国西部的一系列山脉，从喀喇昆仑山脉向东沿着西藏高原北部边缘延伸。它的最高峰高7,729米（25,341英尺）〔altostratus〕An extended cloud formation of bluish or gray sheets or layers.高层云：浅蓝色或灰色的片状或层状延伸的云层结构〔continuance〕 or to physical extension ( 或者是物理上的延伸（ 〔terrace〕A platform extending outdoors from a floor of a house or an apartment building.阳台：从一座房子或公寓式建筑延伸出室外的平台〔ocean〕Often Ocean Abbr. O,O.,Oc.Any of the principal divisions of the ocean, including the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans, their southern extensions in Antarctica, and the Arctic Ocean. 常作 Ocean 缩写 O,O.,Oc.洋：海洋的几个主要划分，包括大西洋、太平洋和印度洋以及它们向南极的延伸和北冰洋〔minimal〕Under the strict interpretation ofminimal, this sentence should mean only "Alcohol has an unpleasant effect when I have eaten nothing.”If the looser interpretation is allowed, however,the sentence can also mean “ . . . when I have eaten a bit.”Presented with the sentence, 29 percent of the Usage Panel said that it could have only the "eaten nothing" (that is, the strict) interpretation;34 percent said that it could have only the "eaten a bit" (that is, the looser) interpretation;and 37 percent said that it could have either meaning.Thus the looser sense ofminimal is accepted by 71 percent of the Panel and must be considered acceptable in nontechnical use. · In an analogous shift,the verbminimize is often used to mean "to reduce,” an extension of its strict etymological sense of "to reduce to the smallest possible level.”This looser usage is the result of the imprecision that usually attaches to the use of the verb in most nontechnical contexts.When a manager announces thatThe company wants to minimize the risk of accidents to line workers, we naturally interpret the manager as meaning that the risk is to be reduced to the smallest level consistent with considerations of efficiency and cost,not that risks are to be reduced to the lowest level logically possible.Even when used with allowable imprecision, however, the verbminimize should carry some implication that the relevant quantity is reduced as much as could reasonably be expected in the circumstances.Thusminimize retains at least an approximately superlative sense and so is inconsistent with modification by adverbs such asgreatly or considerably, which imply that the verb is being used as a simple synonym forlessen or reduce. 若句中的minimal 的意思比较严格， 那么这一句就只能理解为“当我什么没吃时喝酒会搞得我很难受。”但是如果比较宽泛的词义得到承认，那么这一句同时也有“…当我吃过一点东西时”这层意思。百分之二十九的用法专题使用小组成员认为这一词只能当“什么都不吃”（即严格意义上的词义）来讲；百分之三十四的成员说它只有“吃过一点”（即宽泛一些的）词义；百分之三十七的成员说两种含义都可适用。所以minimal 宽泛的含义被用法专题使用小组的百分之七十一的成员接受。 与其相类似的是，动词minimize 经常被用来指“减少”， 是其“减少到最可能小的水平”的严格意义上的延伸。这一较宽泛的含义是非技术性文章使用这一动词的不精确性而带来的结果。当一个经理宣称公司试图将生产线上工人面临出事故的风险降至最低， 我们自然会认为经理的意思是工厂的事故风险将被降至一个同时又考虑效率和成本的最小程度，而不是逻辑上可以达到的最低程度。即使在可以允许不精确的程度内使用时，动词mininize 也应有一层隐含的意思， 即其相对数量已被减少到了情况所期望的合理的程度。这样，minimize 至少仍然保留着一种大致为最高级的意思， 因而它与这些副词如greatly 或 considerably 不能搭配使用， 因为这些副词暗示着这一动词被当成了lessen 或 reduce 简单同义词而使用 〔intension〕from intēnsus [stretched] * see intense 源自 intēnsus [延伸] * 参见 intense〔collegial〕"Law-school faculties have traditionally been thought of as collegial—academic extensions of the courtroom civility that calls for the enemy to be spoken of as ‘my learned opponent’”(Calvin Trillin)“法学院的教员通常被认为是法庭礼仪在学院内的延伸，该礼仪强调应将敌人当成‘我博学的对手’”(卡尔文·特里林)〔terrace〕A flat, narrow stretch of ground, often having a steep slope facing a river, lake, or sea.阶地，段阶：经常面对河、湖泊或大海并有陡坡的平而窄的地面延伸〔junk〕The wordjunk is an example of the change in meaning known as generalization, and very aptly too, since the amount of junk in the world seems to be generalizing and proliferating rapidly. The Middle English wordjonk, ancestor of junk, originally had a very specific meaning restricted to nautical terminology.First recorded in 1353,the word meant "an old cable or rope.”On a sailing ship it made little sense to throw away useful materialsince considerable time might pass before one could get new supplies.Old cable was used in a variety of ways,for example, to make fenders,that is, material hung over the side of the ship to protect it from scraping other ships or wharves.Junk came to refer to this old cable as well. The big leap in meaning taken by the word seems to have occurred whenjunk was applied to discarded but useful material in general. This extension may also have taken place in a nautical context,for the earliest, more generalized use ofjunk is found in the compound junk shop, referring to a store where old materials from ships were sold.Junk has gone on to mean useless waste as well. Junk 一词是被称为词义扩大化的例子；由于世界上垃圾的数量正在迅速扩散和激增，该词词义的扩大也是很适宜的。 junk 一词源自古英语单词 jonk ， 其最初的意思只限于航海术语当中。1353年首次记载下来时，该词义为“旧缆绳或旧绳子”。在帆船上，扔掉有用的东西是不明智的，因为也许要过去好长一段时间才有可能得到新的供应品。旧缆绳可用在很多不同的方面，例如用来做防撞物，即悬在船舷上保护船舷不受其它船只或码头刮擦的材料。Junk 同样也用来指旧缆绳。 当junk 普遍地被用来指丢弃了的然而有用的材料时，该词的词义发生了巨大的变化。 该词的词义延伸也可能已经出现在与航海有关的背景中，因为junk 一词最早的、更为概括性的使用是在 junk shop 这一复合词中发现的。 该词指出售船上旧材料的商店。Junk 仍继续用来指没用的废旧物品 〔subtend〕Latin subtendere [to extend underneath] 拉丁语 subtendere [在…下延伸] 〔Banat〕A region of southeast-central Europe extending across western Romania, northeast Yugoslavia, and southern Hungary.巴纳特：欧洲中部偏东南的一地区，延伸至罗马尼亚西部，南斯拉夫东北部和匈牙利南部〔reach〕To extend as far as:延伸：最大限度地延展：〔roster〕To be told that the wordroster is related to a gridiron upon which one roasts meat might not come as a surprise, depending on what sort of rosters one's name has graced.The connection between the roster as we know it and a gridiron was made in Dutch,where the wordrooster, meaning "gridiron" (from the verb roosten, "to roast"), was extended in sense to mean "a table, list.”This extension was made because of the resemblance of a gridiron to a piece of paper divided by parallel lines that contains a list or table.The earliest use in English (first recorded in 1727) for the wordroster borrowed from Dutch was military, referring to a list or plan that outlined when officers, men, and bodies of troops should perform their turn of duty. Roster is no longer exclusively military in usage,nor does it mean simply a list of rotating turns of duty;one could perhaps even have a roster of meats to be roasted at a barbecue.如果说roster 一词与供烤肉用的烧烤架有关也许不会令人吃惊， 这就要看名字上了什么样的花名册。荷兰语把我们所知道的roster（花名册）与gridiron（烤架）联系了起来，rooster 意为“烤架”（源于动词 roosten ，意思是“烤”）， 词义延伸后意为“表格，名单”。该词之所以有这样的延伸义是因为烤架与被平行线分成表格的纸张有相似之处。roster 一词从荷兰语中借用后，在英语中（第一次记载于1727年）最早运用于军事， 指粗略记录军官、士兵和部队轮流执行任务的名单或计划。 Roster 不再为军队专用，也不仅仅表示“轮班的名单”的意思，烧烤时我们甚至可以用“烤肉的肉单”〔tamarin〕Any of various small, long-tailed, arboreal monkeys of the generaLeontideus and Saguinus of Central and South America, closely related to and resembling the marmosets but having a larger body, longer limbs, and lower canines that extend well beyond the incisors. 小绢猴：任一种产于中南美洲的狮狨 属和 獠牙狨 属的个体较小、长尾且在树上活动的猴子，它和狨有很近的亲缘关系，只是具有更大的个体、较长的四肢和延伸至切齿以外的位置更低的犬牙 〔traverse〕Lying or extending across; transverse.横断的：横向扩展的或延伸的；横向的〔estimate〕cut a minute piece off the ingot to assay it. In extended sensesappraise, assess, and assay can refer to any critical analysis or appraisal: 切下一小片金属并分析它。 意思延伸后，appraise，access 和 assay 可指苛刻的分析和鉴定： 〔tend〕To move or extend in a certain direction:走向：向一特定方向移动或延伸：〔Carmel〕A limestone ridge of northwest Israel extending about 24 km (15 mi) from the Plain of Esdraelon northwest to the Mediterranean Sea. It rises to approximately 546 m (1,790 ft).加尔默多山：以色列西北部一石灰岩山脉，从埃斯德赖隆平原向西北延伸24公里（15英里）至地中海。海拔约546米（1,790英尺）〔Neotropics〕The biogeographic region of the New World that stretches southward from the Tropic of Cancer and includes southern Mexico, Central and South America, and the West Indies.新热带区：新世界生物地理区，从北回归线向南延伸包括墨西哥南部，中、南美洲与西印度群岛等地区〔distance〕The extent of space between points on a measured course.路程：在被测定路线上两点间延伸的距离〔footframe〕A structural component in a shoe or boot consisting of a stiff midsole that extends back around the heel, designed to provide stability for the foot.鞋撑：设计用来增益脚的稳定性，向后延伸包覆脚跟包含坚硬中底在内的鞋靴结构原件〔along〕from Old English andlang [extending opposite] 源自 古英语 andlang [向反方向延伸] 〔Cordilleras〕The entire complex of mountain ranges in western North America, Mexico, Central America, and South America, extending from Alaska to Cape Horn.科迪勒拉山脉：包括从北美洲西部、墨西哥、中美洲和南美洲并从阿拉斯加延伸至合恩角的整个山脉群〔protraction〕The act of protracting.延伸：延伸的动作〔tentacle〕A similar part or extension, especially with respect to the ability to grasp or stretch:似触手的东西：尤指在卷曲或伸展能力方面类似触手的部位或延伸处：〔skeg〕An arm extending to the rear of the keel to support the rudder and protect the propeller.舵底承：用以支撑舵和保护螺旋浆的，延伸在龙骨后部的支撑物〔Caledonia〕Roman Britain north of the Antonine Wall, which stretched from the Firth of Forth to the Firth of Clyde. Today the term is used as a poetic appellation for all of Scotland.古苏格兰：安东尼墙北部的罗马大不列颠，从弗尔斯湾延伸至克莱德湾。今天，该词用作对整个苏格兰的一种诗意的称呼 |
| 随便看 |
|
学习网英语词汇栏目收词371507余条，连同派生词、复合词、词组和习语等。每个词条提供了音标、词性、释义、用法、搭配和同（近）义词等多项功能，对所收词汇进行全方位的解释和说明，内容丰富，功能全面。