| 单词 | 幼年 |
| 释义 | 〔wean〕To accustom (the young of a mammal) to take nourishment other than by suckling.使断奶：使（幼年哺乳动物）习惯于不吃奶而获得养料〔neoteny〕Retention of juvenile characteristics in the adults of a species, as among certain amphibians.动态持续：尤指某个物种在成熟期仍保持幼年特征〔toady〕A toady is not a pleasant individual,and the origin of the word makes being a toady even less pleasant.Toady is obviously derived from the word toad. The-y suffix can have diminutive force, and the earliest recorded sense (around 1690) oftoady (now obsolete), "a little or young toad,” illustrates this force. The sense we know has nothing to do with baby toadsbut rather with the practice of certain quacks or charlatans who claimed that they could cast out poison.Toads were thought to be poisonous,so these charlatans would have an attendant eat a toad or pretend to eat oneand then remove the poison from the attendant.Such an attendant is obviously a type of person who would do anything,and thustoadeater (first recorded 1629) was the perfect name for a flattering, fawning parasite. Toadeater and the verb derived from it, toadeat, influenced the sense of the noun and verb toad and the noun toady, so that both nouns could mean "sycophant"and the verbtoady could mean "to act like a toady to someone.” 拍马者并不是一个讨人喜欢的人，这个词的来源使做拍马者这种作法更加不令人喜欢。Toady 很显然是从 toad 这个词衍生而来。 后缀-y 可以有一种指小的效力， Toady 这个词最早有记载(1690年左右）的含义“一只小或幼年蟾蜍”（现已废弃）正说明了这种效力。 我们现在知道的含义与年幼的蟾蜍没有什么关系，而与某些宣称能够驱毒的冒牌医生或江湖郎中的某些做法有关。当时人们认为蟾蜍有毒，所以这些江湖朗中会叫一个手下人吃下一只蟾蜍或假装吃下一只蟾蜍，然后把毒物从他的手下人身体中驱除出去。很明显，这样一个帮手是一种什么事都会做的人，这样，用toadeater （最早记载于1629年）这个词来称呼奉承拍马的寄生者是再合适不过了。 Toadeater 和从它衍生而来的动词 toadeat 影响了作为名词或动词的 toad 和作为名词 toady 的含义， 于是二个名词都可以理解为“拍马者”的意思，而动词toady 有“在某人面前象一个拍马者一样行动”的意思 〔infancy〕The earliest period of childhood, especially before the ability to walk has been acquired.婴儿期：幼年的时早期，尤指还不会走路的那一段时期〔plantlet〕A young or small plant.小植物，植物幼苗：幼年的或小型的植物〔parr〕A young salmon during its first two years of life, when it lives in fresh water.幼鲑：处于前两岁阶段，尚生活在淡水中的幼年鲑〔cartilage〕A tough, elastic, fibrous connective tissue found in various parts of the body, such as the joints, outer ear, and larynx. A major constituent of the embryonic and young vertebrate skeleton, it is converted largely to bone with maturation.软骨组织：一种见于身体的各个部位，如关节、外耳和喉部的坚韧、有弹性、纤维状的连结性组织。是胎儿和幼年脊椎动物骨胳的主要组成部分，后来大都转变为骨头〔den〕A unit of about eight to ten Cub Scouts.幼年童子军小队：一种由大约八到十名幼年童子军组成的小组〔kip〕The untanned hide of a small or young animal, such as a calf.幼兽皮：未鞣制的小动物或幼年动物（如小牛）的皮〔paedomorphosis〕Phylogenetic change in which juvenile characteristics are retained in the adult form of an organism.幼体发育：有机体在成熟期仍保留幼年特征的系统发育的变化〔spike〕A young mackerel of small size, usually 15 centimeters (6 inches) or less in length.尺寸较小的幼年鲐，通常约15厘米（即6英寸）长或更短〔albacore〕bakrah [young camel] bakrah [幼年骆驼] 〔cub〕Cub A Cub Scout. Cub 幼年童子军 |
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