| 单词 | 岁月 |
| 释义 | 〔George〕German poet who was influenced by Nietzsche and the French symbolists. He wrote stylistically innovative poems, published inThe Year of the Soul (1897) and other collections. 乔治，斯忒藩：(1868-1933) 德国诗人，受尼采和法国象征主义作家影响，作诗风格新颖，出版了《心灵的岁月》 （1897年）及其它诗集 〔after〕in after years.在以后的岁月里〔calm〕halcyon days of youth.那愉快而宁静的年轻岁月。〔Frank〕German Jewish diarist who fled from Nazi Germany to Amsterdam with her family (1933) and kept a diary during her years in hiding (1942-1944). She and her family were captured (August 1944) and sent to concentration camps. Anne died of typhus in the camp at Belsen. Her diary was published in 1947.弗兰克，安妮：(1929-1945) 德国犹太人，日记作者，随其家人(1933年）从纳粹德国飞往阿姆斯特丹，那段岁月里她一直藏着她的日记(1942-1944年）。她及家人被捕(1944年8月）并被送往集中营。安妮在贝尔森的集中营里死于斑疹伤寒。她的日记在1947年被出版〔Grass〕German writer whose novels, notablyThe Tin Drum (1959) and Dog Years (1963), concern the political and social climate of Germany during and after World War II. 格拉斯，金特尔·威廉：(生于 1927) 德国作家，其著名小说《铁皮鼓》 （1959年）和 《非人的岁月》 （1963年），涉及了德国在二战期间及战后的政治和社会面貌 〔fade〕youthful energy that had faded over the years.随岁月消失的青春的活力〔brave〕"The Romans were like brothers/In the brave days of old"(Macaulay)“罗马人情同手足/在旧时的伟大岁月里”(麦考利)〔Bradford〕English Puritan colonist in America. A signer of the Mayflower Compact and a settler of Plymouth Plantation, he was elected governor for 30 one-year terms and led the colony through its difficult early years.布拉德福，威廉：(1590-1657) 美洲的英国清教徒殖民者。五月花密约的签署人和普利茅斯种植园的开拓者，被推选为30个一年任期的总督之一，领导殖民地度过了艰难的早期岁月〔pass〕pass through difficult years.熬过困难的岁月〔remainder〕The untouched leavings from the banquet made a fine meal for the kitchen staff. Althoughremains often specifically refers to a corpse, it also applies to remnants, fragments, and relics, as of times past: 宴会中留下来未动的菜肴成了厨房人员的美餐。 虽然remains 常具体指一具尸体， 但同时它也指过去岁月的残留、碎片或遗迹： 〔lack〕"In the terrible, beautiful age of my prime,/I lacked for sweet linen but never for time" (E.B. White).“在我可怕而又美丽的壮年岁月中，／我需要的是亚麻布而从来不是时间” （E．B．怀特）〔afterlife〕The part of one's life that follows a particular event.后来的岁月：人在某一特殊事件之后的岁月〔depredation〕“[Carnegie Hall has] withstood the wear and tear of enthusiastic music lovers and the normal depredations of time" (Mechanical Engineering)“卡内基大厅曾经 经受了狂热的音乐爱好者们的折腾和正常的岁月侵蚀” (机械工程)〔fair〕The history of the wordfair illustrates how words can weaken in meaning over time. In Old English the ancestor offair, fæger, had senses such as "lovely, beautiful, pleasant, agreeable,” a far cry from our modern sense "mildly good or satisfying.”The Old English senses passed into Middle English,where the wordfair started to take a slight turn in the direction already alluded to. Fair could mean "highly to be approved of, splendid, good,”but it could also be used ironically,as in Chaucer's observation after a horse threw the Cook on the pilgrimage to Canterbury:"that was a fair feat of horsemanship by the Cook.”This ironic use was probably not responsible for the semantic weakening offair, but it shows how a positive word can have its meaning reversed.The weakening offair was most likely caused by "the determined optimism which led to the use of fair . . . rather than direct expression of discontent,”in the words of George H. McKnight.One might add as another cause the desire to avoid hurting other people's feelings.单词fair 的历史表明随岁月的流逝单词的语意变弱。 在古英语中fair，f?ger 本意是“可爱的，漂亮的，愉快的”， 与我们现在的“比较好或满意的”大相径庭。古英语传到中世纪英语时，fair 已开始在引申的方向上有微小的转变。 Fair 可以表达“被高度赞许的，辉煌的，好的，”但也可用作反语，如在往坎特伯雷朝圣的途中马将科克摔下时后，乔尔斯评论道：“那是科克精湛骑术的体现”。这种反语用法也许对fair 语义学上的弱化没有联系， 但它表明了一个褒义的单词可以变得意思完全相反。fair 的弱化很大程度上缘于“坚决的乐观主义导致 fair 的用法改变， 而不是直接表达不满意的意思，”乔治赫·马克奈特如此评论。人们可以再添上其它原因以免伤害别人的感情〔futile〕the futile years after her artistic peak.她在达到艺术顶峰后的庸碌岁月〔Bihar〕A region of east-central India crossed by the Ganges River. Buddha spent his early days in the area.比哈尔：印度中东部一地区，恒河从其间穿过。释迦牟尼（释迦牟尼（佛陀））的早期岁月在此度过〔cot〕People might assume that there is nothing particularly exotic about the history of the wordcot. However,cot happens to be a good example of how words are borrowed from other cultures, becoming so firmly naturalized over time that they lose their émigré flavor. The British first encountered the object denoted bycot, a light frame strung with tapes or rope, in India, where their trading stations had been established as early as 1612.The wordcot, first recorded in English in 1634, comes fromkhāṭ, the Hindi name for the contrivance. During subsequent years,cot has been used to denote other types of beds, including in British usage a crib.人们也许会认为cot 这个词的词源毫无特别的异国情调， 但是cot 恰巧是这样一个好的例子——从别的文化中借来又变得如此根深蒂固，以致于随着时间推移其丢失了外来语的味道。 英国人首先遇到这种叫做cot 的穿有带子和绳子的框架是在印度， 他们早在1612年就在那里建了贸易站。单词cot 在英语中首先记录于1634年， 由印度语中表示这个东西的词khat 而来。 在以后的岁月中，cot 已被用来指其他类型的床， 包括英国表示摇篮的用法 |
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