| 单词 | 尼采 |
| 释义 | 〔superman〕Overman and Beyondman hardly seem likely names for a superhero, but perhapsOverman might be "leaping tall buildings at a single bound" had the German word Übermensch been translated differently than it was. However, Nietzsche's term for the ideal superior man was translated into English assuperman, first recorded in a work by George Bernard Shaw published in 1903. Such a term comes to us through a process called loan translation, or calque formation,whereby the semantic components of a word or phrase in one language are literally translated into their equivalents in another language,GermanÜbermensch, made up of über, "super-,” and Mensch, "man,” thus becoming superman. Becauseüber- can also be translated "beyond" and "over,” we also findoverman and beyondman as calques for the word Übermensch, but they did not take root.Shaw, in a letter written before 1917, noted that"some of our most felicitous writers . . . had been using such desperate and unspeakable forms as Beyondman, when the glib Superman was staring them in the face all the time.”Hence, when it came to naming a new comic strip hero,Superman was the logical choice, a name first recorded in 1938. Overman 和 Beyondman 看上去几乎不象超级英雄的名称， 但是，如果将德语中 Übermensch 这个单词译作不同于原有的译法时，那么，也许 Overman 可能是“纵身一跃就能跃过高楼大厦”。 然而，尼采给予理想超人的名称译成英语为Superman ， 这个词最早见于乔治·萧伯纳的出版于1903年的一部作品中。这个词是通过借译而来的，或者说是通过仿造而来的，在以上这样的过程中，一个词或词组的语义成分被直译成另一语言中的与之相对应的成分。德语单词 Übermensch 是由 uber （即英语中"super-”之意）和 Mensch （即英语中"man"之意）组成的，这样的话，此词在英语中就成了 Superman 。 因为 über 也可译为"beyond"和"over"， 所以我们发现 躡ermensch 也被借译为 overman 和 beyondman 。 但是，这两个词并没有在英语中确立下来。萧伯纳在写于1917年之前的一封信中说道：“一些措辞最巧妙的英语作家，竟一直使用象Beyondman这种令人绝望而又无法形容的词，却对一直面对面盯着他们的‘Superman’视而不见”。这样，当要命名一个新的连环漫画中的英雄时，Superman 一词就成了理所当然的选择，这个名称首次记录于1938年 〔Nietzsche〕German philosopher who reasoned that Christianity's emphasis on the afterlife makes its believers less able to cope with earthly life. He argued that the ideal human being, theUbermensch, would be able to channel passions creatively instead of suppressing them. His written works include Beyond Good and Evil (1886) and Thus Spake Zarathustra (1883-1892). 尼采，弗里德里希·威廉：(1844-1900) 德国哲学家，论断基督教强调的来生说使它的信徒们不能很好地处理现世的生活。他坚持认为理想化的人类，《超人哲学》 能够创造性地引导情感而不被它们所压制。他的著作包括 《善与恶的彼岸》 （1886年）和 《查拉图斯特拉如是说》 （1883-1892年） 〔George〕German poet who was influenced by Nietzsche and the French symbolists. He wrote stylistically innovative poems, published inThe Year of the Soul (1897) and other collections. 乔治，斯忒藩：(1868-1933) 德国诗人，受尼采和法国象征主义作家影响，作诗风格新颖，出版了《心灵的岁月》 （1897年）及其它诗集 〔superman〕An ideal superior man who, according to Nietzsche, forgoes transient pleasure, exercises creative power, lives at a level of experience beyond standards of good and evil, and is the goal of human evolution. Also called In this sense, also called overman 完人：哲学家尼采哲学中之放弃短暂享乐、具有创造力、生活于是非标准之上的理想超级人物，尼采认为这种人是人类进化的目标 也作 在此意义上也可称作 overman |
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