| 单词 | 宗教上 |
| 释义 | 〔independent〕Independent A member of a movement in England in the 17th century advocating the political and religious independence of individual congregations. Independent 独立派教徒：17世纪英国一宗教运动之成员，他们主张会众在政治和宗教上独立〔Laud〕English prelate who as archbishop of Canterbury (1633-1645) was a strident supporter of Charles I and absolutism in church and state. His attempts to impose High Church doctrine on Protestants in Scotland and England led to his imprisonment and execution for treason by Parliament.劳德，威廉：(1573-1645) 英国高级教士，在他担任坎特伯雷大主教期间(1633-1645年）曾是查理一世的忠诚支持者，是宗教上和政治上的专制主义者。他企图把高教派教义强加给苏格兰和英格兰新教徒的尝试把他送进了牢狱，并以背叛国会罪被处死〔tapas〕Religious austerity.苦行：宗教上的简朴、禁欲生活〔unfaith〕Absence of faith, especially in religion.非宗教信仰：缺乏忠实，尤指在宗教上〔conversion〕Middle English conversioun [religious conversion] 中古英语 conversioun [宗教上的皈依] 〔relic〕Middle English relik [object of religious veneration] 中古英语 relik [在宗教上受到敬仰的物体] 〔untouchable〕The class, comprising numerous subclasses, that is excluded from and considered ritually unclean and defiling by the four Hindu classes.贱民；不可接触者：印度的一个种姓，由许多阶层构成，他们被排除在印度的四个种姓之外，并被这几个种姓的人认为是在宗教上不洁的和对人有污损性的〔brainwashing〕Intensive, forcible indoctrination, usually political or religious, aimed at destroying a person's basic convictions and attitudes and replacing them with an alternative set of fixed beliefs.洗脑：集中的强制的灌输，通常是政治上的或宗教上的，目的在于摧毁一个人的最基本的信仰和态度，以另一套固定信仰取而代之〔moderate〕One who holds or champions moderate views or opinions, especially in politics or religion.温和主义者：持有或主张中庸看法或观点的人，尤指在政治或宗教上〔sanctify〕To give religious sanction to, as with an oath or a vow:给予认可：给予宗教上的认可，如通过发誓或誓约：〔Jerusalem〕The capital of Israel, in the east-central part of the country in the West Bank. Of immense religious and historical importance, the city was occupied as far back as the fourth millenniumb.c. and became the capital of King David c. 1000 b.c. Destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar in the sixth century b.c. , it was later ruled by Greeks, Romans, Persians, Arabs, Crusaders, and Turks and by Great Britain under a League of Nations mandate. Israeli forces took control of the city in 1967. Jerusalem is considered a holy city to Jews, Moslems, and Christians. Population, 446,500. 耶路撒冷：以色列的首都，位于西岸上该国中东部。该城在宗教上和历史上极大的重要性可以追溯到公元前 4000年， 公元前 1000年成为大卫王国的首都。于 公元前 6世纪被尼布甲尼撒毁灭。后被希腊人、罗马人、波斯人、阿拉伯人、十字军和土耳其统治过，最后受国际联盟的托管国英国控制。以色列军队在1967年控制该城。耶路撒冷是犹太教、穆斯林和基督教的圣地。人口446,500 〔relic〕An object of religious veneration, especially a piece of the body or a personal item of a saint.圣徒遗物：在宗教上受到敬仰的物体，尤指圣人的身体或者其个人物品〔damned〕There are many regional variants, mostly euphemisms, fordamned, both as an oath and as a mild intensive. Southern exclamations and intensives tend to begin withdad-, a euphemism for "god"—hencedadblamed, dadblasted, dadburn, and dadgum. Dadgum can be combined withit in the interjection dadgummit. Another such euphemism is the better knowndoggone, probably originally Southern but now widespread.Likedadgum, doggone is used as a mild intensive: "The best doggone deals in Alabama" (billboard in Montgomery). Doggone likewise appears in phrasal interjections: Doggonit, I dropped my hammer. A common regional variant ofdamned is durn, also euphemistic and relatively mild,as in this snatch of Baltimore dialogue: "If that's not just the weirdest durn thing I ever laid eyes on" (Anne Tyler).作为诅咒和轻度的加强语气词，damned 有许多宗教上的替换形式，其中大多为委婉语。 南方人的感叹词和加强语气词倾向于以dad- 作为开始， “上帝”的一种委婉说法——因而出现dadblamed，dadblasted，dadburn 和 dadgum。 Dadgum 在感叹词dadgummit 中，可与 it 结合在一起。 另一个这样的委婉词比doggone 知道的人更多， 可能最初为南方人使用而现在已普遍应用了。象dadgum，daggone 被用作轻度的加强语气词： “亚拉巴马最好的交易” （蒙哥马利的大型广告牌）。 Daggone 同样也出现在短语感叹词： 他妈的，我弄掉了锤子。 dammed 是 durn 的一个常见局部性的变体， 它也是一个委婉语且相对较轻，正如巴尔的摩的几句对话中出现的： 如果那不是最奇特的东西，我绝不会看一眼的 （安妮·泰勒）〔moderate〕Opposed to radical or extreme views or measures, especially in politics or religion.稳健的，不激进的：反对激进的或极端的观点或措施的，尤指在政治或宗教上〔illuminati〕Illuminati Any of various groups claiming special religious enlightenment. Illuminati 光照派：自称在宗教上受到过特别启示力的团体 |
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