| 单词 | 学术 |
| 释义 | 〔academic〕Scholarly to the point of being unaware of the outside world.See Synonyms at pedantic 学究式的，迂腐的：除学术方面以外对外界毫无知觉 参见 pedantic〔academic〕A person who has an academic viewpoint or a scholarly background.学术界人士：有学术观点或学术背景的人〔field〕A topic, a subject, or an area of academic interest or specialization.主题，范围：一个题目、课题或学术兴趣或专业领域〔verger〕One who carries the verge or other emblem of authority before a scholastic, legal, or religious dignitary in a procession.持权标者，司仪：在学术、法律或宗教的要人前的队列中持权杖或其它权力象征的人〔proficient〕These adjectives mean having or showing knowledge, ability, or skill, as in a vocation, profession, or branch of learning.这些形容词的意思是在某一职业、技能或学术方面具有或显示出知识、能力或技能的。〔tome〕A book, especially a large or scholarly one.著作：一本书，特别是厚大的或学术书籍〔fail〕To receive an academic grade below the acceptable minimum.不及格：达到的学术等级低于最低限度〔ambiance〕"The curriculum and intellectual ambiance are virtually identical"(Robert Kanigel)“课程设置和学术气氛实际上是相通的”(罗伯特·坎尼格尔)〔valedictorian〕The student with the highest academic rank in a class who delivers the valedictory at graduation.致告别词的学生代表：一个班中具有最高学术地位的在毕业典礼上做告别演说的学生〔scholastic〕Of or relating to schools; academic.学校的：属于或关于学校的；学术的〔minor〕Of or relating to a secondary area of academic specialization.辅修的：学术专业上的第二个领域的〔academic〕Relating to scholarly performance:有关学术表现的：〔carry〕carried a heavy academic load last semester.上学期担负着繁重的学术任务〔Christina〕Queen of Sweden (1632-1654). A patron of learning and the arts, she unexpectedly abdicated her throne, embraced Roman Catholicism, and spent much of the rest of her life in Rome.克里斯蒂娜：瑞典女王(1632～1654年）。她是学术和艺术的资助者，她出人意料的放弃了王位，接受了罗马天主教，并在罗马渡过了她的余生〔neoconservatism〕An intellectual and political movement in favor of political, economic, and social conservatism that arose in opposition to the perceived liberalism of the 1960's:新保守主义：支持政治、经济及社会保守主义的学术与政治运动，做为20世纪60年代发现的自由主义的对立面而产生：〔Deventer〕A city of east-central Netherlands on the Ijssel River east-northeast of Utrecht. A member of the Hanseatic League, it was a noted center of piety and learning during the Middle Ages. Population, 64,823.迪温特：荷兰中东部的一个城市，位于乌得勒支市东北偏东，埃塞尔河上。汉撒同盟成员之一，在中世纪是著名的学术中心。人口64,823〔astrology〕The study of the positions and aspects of celestial bodies in the belief that they have an influence on the course of natural earthly occurrences and human affairs.占星术，占星学：研究天体位置及外观的学术，并相信它们会影响地球上出现的自然现象及人类事务的发展进程〔proficient〕Having or marked by an advanced degree of competence, as in an art, vocation, profession, or branch of learning.熟练的，精通的：在艺术、职业、技能或学术方面有造诣的〔faculty〕Any of the divisions or comprehensive branches of learning at a college or university:学院：大学或学院里的分支机构或学术的广泛的分支：〔noncredit〕Of, relating to, or constituting an educational course that does not offer credit toward an academic degree.无学分的：属于、关于或构成一门不对学术学位提供学分的教育课程的〔scholarly〕scholarly pursuits; a scholarly edition with footnotes.See Synonyms at learned 学术深造；有注脚的学术编辑 参见 learned〔jungle〕One might be surprised to learn that the wordjungle is not African in origin nor does it come from a word that only meant "land densely overgrown with tropical vegetation and trees.” Jungle goes back to the Sanskrit word jaṅgalam, meaning "desert, wasteland,”and also "any kind of uncultivated area, such as heavily forested land.”The Sanskrit wordjaṅgala- passed into various Indian languages and from one or more of these languages into English.In Englishjungle was used for land overgrown with vegetation, for the vegetation itself,and for such land outside India.The word was also extended figuratively in various ways.We have, for example, asphalt jungles, concrete jungles, blackboard jungles, academic jungles, corporate jungles,and, in a February 1972 issue of theGuardian, the government official who "lit up some lurid corners of the taxation jungle.”jungle 一词的词源不是非洲语，也不是来自仅仅意为“长满茂密的热带植物和树木的地带”的单词；知道这一点也许会让人吃惊。 Jungle 可追溯到梵语词 jangalam ， 其意为“荒漠，荒原”，也指“任何未开垦的地域，如茂密的森林”。梵语词jangala- 传入多种印度语中， 又从这其中的一种或多种语言再传入英语。在英语中jungle 用来指长满植物的地带， 指植物本身，也指印度以外的类似地带。该词也在多方面引申为比喻意义。例如，我们有柏油丛林、水泥丛林、黑板丛林、学术丛林、公司丛林，此外在1972年2月发行的一期卫报 上， 还出现了“揭露税收丛林中鲜为人知的龌龊勾当”的政府官员〔fail〕To receive an academic grade below the acceptable minimum in (a course, for example):不及格：达到的学术等级低于能接受的最低限度（如某门课程）：〔right〕Often Right Of or belonging to the political or intellectual Right. 常作 Right 右翼的：（属于）右翼政治派别或学术见解的〔laboratory〕An academic period devoted to work or study in such a place.实验课：用于在这样的地方进行工作或研究的学术空间〔SAT〕A trademark used for Scholastic Aptitude Test.学术能力测验：指代（美国）学术能力测试的一种标志〔logrolling〕The exchanging of favors or praise, as among artists, critics, or academics.相互吹捧：艺术家、批评家或学术人士之间互相交换赞同和赞扬意见〔track〕academic, vocational, and general tracks.学术、职业及一般的分轨制课程〔conversazione〕A meeting for conversation or discussion, especially about art.学术座谈会：座谈会或讨论会，尤指关于艺术的〔memoir〕memoirs The report of the proceedings of a learned society. memoirs 学术论文集：学会的讨论事项经要〔dissertate〕To discourse formally.正式讨论，作学术讲演〔author〕The verbauthor, which had been out of use for a long period, has been rejuvenated in recent years with the sense "to assume responsibility for the content of a published text.” As such it is not quite synonymous with the verbwrite ; one can write, but not author, a love letter or an unpublished manuscript,and the writer who ghostwrites a book for a celebrity cannot be said to have "authored" the creation. The sentenceHe has authored a dozen books on the subject was unacceptable to 74 percent of the Usage Panel, probably because it implies that the fact of having a book published is worthy of special lexical distinction, a notion that sits poorly with conventional literary sensibilities,and which seems to smack of press agentry.The sentenceThe Senator authored a bill limiting uses of desert lands in California was similarly rejected by 64 percent of the Panel, though here the usage is common journalistic practice,and is perhaps justified by the observation that we do not expect that legislators will actually write the bills to which they attach their names. ·The verbcoauthor is well established in reference to scientific and scholarly publications, where it serves a useful purpose,since the people listed as authors of such works routinely include research collaborators who have played no part in the actual writing of the text,but who are nonetheless entitled to credit for the published results.动词author， 很长一段时间不再使用， 近年来又以“对某一出版作品的内容负有责任”的含义重新起用。因此，它已不完全同动词write 同义； 一个人可以写一封求爱信或未出版的草稿，但不是作者，某一人即使雇人写出一篇杰作也不能说是“创作”了作品。对句子他已就这个论题创作了十二部作品 74%的用法专题小组不能接受， 可能因为它暗示着一个事实，即一本已出版的书一定有特别的词汇意义上区别的价值，这是与传统文学观念不太相容的概念，并带有出版机构的意味。此句参议员提出了一个限制使用加利福尼亚地区沙漠土地的议案 ，同样有64%的用法专题小组成员不能接受， 虽然这里这种用法是新闻界实践的惯用。这恐怕是因为我们并不希望立法人员真的是写作一项议案然后在其上署上他们的名字吧。·动词coauthor 是在科学及学术发表论文的意义上建立的， 这里这个词的使用有一个重要意义，因为创作者名单上列出作为这部作品创作者的人通常包括共同研究人员，既使他们实际上并未参加写作，但不可否认地对出版物的结果做出了贡献〔lecturer〕The academic rank held by such a faculty member.这样的教员所拥有的学术职称〔showy〕a pretentious scholarly edition;夸耀的学术版本；〔gender〕"Women entered graduate schools . . . and encountered gender discrimination when they applied for the few academic positions"(New York Times)“女性考入了研究生班，但在她们申请为数不多的学术位置时，却遭到了性别歧视的问题”(纽约时报)〔major〕A field of study chosen as an academic specialty.专业，主修课：选作学术专业的一个研究领域〔Toledo〕also [tô-lĕ"Yô] A city of central Spain near the Tagus River south-southwest of Madrid. It fell to the Romans in 193b.c. and was later the capital of the Visigoth kingdom (534-712). As a Moorish capital (712-1031) it was a center of Arab and Hebrew learning. Population, 57,778. 也作 [tô-lĕ"Yô] 托莱多：西班牙中部临塔哥斯河的一座城市，位于马德里西南偏南。公元前 193年陷落到罗马人手中，后来成为西哥特王国的首都(534-712年）。作为摩尔人的首都(712-1031年），它是阿拉伯和伯莱学术的中心。人口57,778 〔commencement〕A ceremony at which academic degrees or diplomas are conferred.学位授予典礼：授予学术学位或学位证书的仪式〔explain〕"Man's whole life and environment have been laid open and elucidated" (Thomas Carlyle).Expound and explicate imply detailed and usually learned and lengthy exploration or analysis: “人的整个生命和生活环境都已得到说明和阐释” （托马斯·卡莱尔）。Expound 和 explicate 指详细的并且通常是学术的和冗长的考察与分析： 〔preliminary〕An academic test or examination that is preparatory to one that is longer, more complex, or more important.初试：为更长、更复杂或更重要的考试而进行的预备性学术测试或考试 |
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