| 单词 | 头颅 |
| 释义 | 〔guillotine〕A device consisting of a heavy blade held aloft between upright guides and dropped to behead the victim below.断头台：利用垂直向下砍落的重斧斩落犯人头颅的装置〔fontanel〕Any of the soft membranous gaps between the incompletely formed cranial bones of a fetus or an infant. Also called soft spot 囟门：一柔软的膜状口，在胎儿或婴儿的未完全发育好的头颅骨头之间 也作 soft spot〔cranium〕The skull of a vertebrate.脊椎动物的头颅〔testy〕from Late Latin testa [skull] * see teston 源自 后期拉丁语 testa [头颅] * 参见 teston〔scaphocephalic〕Having an abnormally long, narrow skull.长舟状头的：长有畸形的长而扁的头颅的〔cephalometer〕A device for measuring the head.头测量器：测量头颅的仪器〔intracranial〕Occurring or situated within the cranium.头颅内的：发生于或位于头颅内部的〔braincase〕The part of the skull that encloses the brain; the cranium. Also called brainpan 脑壳，头颅：包住大脑的头骨部分；颅骨 也作 brainpan〔Salome〕In the New Testament, the daughter of Herodias and niece of Herod Antipas, who granted her the head of John the Baptist in return for her dancing.莎乐美：新约中希罗底之女希罗安提帕之侄女，用她的舞蹈向安提帕换来施洗者约翰的头颅〔cranium〕The portion of the skull enclosing the brain; the braincase.头颅，颅：囊括脑子的那部分颅骨；脑壳〔chondrocranium〕A portion of the embryonic cranium forming the bones of the base of the skull and eventually undergoing ossification.软骨颅：胚胎的头颅中形成颅骨基部骨头并最终被骨化的部分〔cephalometry〕Scientific measurement of the head.头测量学，头测量学，测颅学：头颅的科学测量〔headsman〕A public executioner who beheads condemned prisoners.刽子手：砍掉死囚头颅的公开行刑者〔oxycephaly〕A congenital abnormality of the skull in which the top of the head assumes a conical or pointed shape. Also called acrocephaly 尖头畸形：头颅的一种先天性畸形，头的顶部形成锥形或尖形 也作 acrocephaly〔dummkopf〕kopf [head] from Middle High German [cup, cranium] from Old High German [cup] from Late Latin cuppa kopf [头] 源自 中古高地德语 [杯，头颅] 源自 古高地德语 [杯] 源自 后期拉丁语 cuppa 〔sinciput〕The upper half of the cranium, especially the anterior portion above and including the forehead.前顶：头颅的上半部份，尤指额头的前上部，包括额头〔guillotine〕"At half past 12 the guillotine severed her head from her body.”So reads the statementcontaining the first recorded use ofguillotine in English, found in theAnnual Register of 1793. The word occurs in a context clearly illustrating the function of theguillotine, "a machine with a heavy blade that falls freely between upright guides to behead a condemned person.” Ironically, the guillotine, which became the most notable symbol of the excesses of the French Revolution,was named for a humanitarian physician, Joseph Ignace Guillotin.Guillotin, a member of the French Constituent Assembly,recommended in a speech to that body on October 10, 1789,that executions be performed by a beheading device rather than by hanging, the method used for commoners, or by the sword, reserved for the nobility.He argued that beheading by machine was quicker and less painful than the work of the rope and the sword.In 1791 the Assembly did indeed adopt beheading by machine as the state's preferred method of execution.A beheading device designed by Dr. Antoine Louis, secretary of the College of Surgeons, was first used on April 25, 1792, to execute a highwayman named Pelletier or Peletier.The device was called alouisette or louison after its inventor's name,but because of Guillotin's famous speech,his name became irrevocably associated with the machine. After Guillotin's death in 1814,his children tried unsuccessfully to get the device's name changed.When their efforts failed,they were allowed to change their name instead.“十二点半，断头台斩落了他的头颅。”这句话如此写道。这是英语文章中第一次使用guillotine 这个词， 它出现在1793年的年度文摘 中。 该文中，该词清楚地体现了guillotine 的功用——“利用垂直向下砍落的重斧斩落犯人头颅的机器。” 令人啼笑皆非的是，这一成为法国大革命中恐怖暴行最显著标志的断头台，竟是因一个人文主义医生，约瑟夫·英格纳斯·吉约坦命名的。吉约坦是法国国民代表大会的成员，在1789年10月的一次发言中向大会提出，在处决犯人时以一种砍头的机器来代替处决普通犯人时所用的绞刑或是处决贵族时使用的宝剑。他认为用机器砍头比用绳子或宝剑快而且痛苦小。1791年，国民大会确实将用机器砍头定为国家处决犯人的方法。由外科医生院秘书长安东尼·路易医生设计的砍头装置在1792年4月25日处决拦路强盗佩尔蒂或佩尔捷时第一次使用。这个装置被称为路易塞特 或 路易森 ， 因由其发明者而得名。但是由于吉约坦那次著名的发言，他的名字不可避免地与这种机器联系在一起。1814年吉约坦死后，他的子孙试图为这种机器换个名字,但没有成功。当他们的努力失败后，他们得到允许，改换了自己的名字 |
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