| 单词 | 大英帝国 |
| 释义 | 〔interloper〕The wordinterloper comes to us from the days when England was embarking on the course that would lead to the British Empire. Interloper, first recorded in connection with the Muscovy Company, which was the earliest major English trading company (chartered in 1555),was soon being used as well in regard to the East India Company (chartered in 1600).Since these companies were monopolies,independent traders calledinterlopers were not wanted. The term is probably partly derived from Dutch,the language of one of the great trade rivals of the English at that time.Theinter- is simply a use of the prefix inter-, which English has borrowed from Latin,meaning "between, among.”The element-loper is probably related to the same element in landloper, "vagabond,” a word adopted from Dutchlandlooper, with the same sense and composed ofland, "land,” and lōper, from lōpen, "to run, leap.” The wordinterloper, first recorded around 1590, was too useful in a world of busybodies to be restricted to its original specialized senseand came to be used in the extended sense "busybody" in the 17th century.单词interloper 起源于英格兰向大英帝国演化的年代。 有关interloper 的记载最早与曼斯可维公司有联系。 这家公司是英国早期的主要贸易公司（设立于1555年）。随后这词又用于与东印度公司（设立于1600年）有关的方面。因为这两家公司都是垄断企业，因而不需要称interlopers 为独立经营者。 这一词条可能部分来源于荷兰语，当时英国主要贸易对手之一的语言。inter- 只是简单地作为前缀 inter- 使用， 这前缀是英语以拉丁语借用过来的，意为“在…之间，在…当中。”词素-loper 可能与“流浪汉” landloper 中的相同词素有关， 这个词从荷兰语landlooper 吸收过来， 意义不变，由“土地”land 和来自 lopen 意为“跑，跳”的 loper 组成。 interloper 一词最早约记载于1590年， 在充满多事者的世界里极为有用以致于不能局限于其原来的专有意思，在17世纪逐渐使用其引申义“爱管闲事的人”〔Natchez〕A city of southwest Mississippi on the Mississippi River south-southwest of Vicksburg. Founded as a fortified settlement in 1716, it was held successively by France, Great Britain, Spain, and the United States. Natchez prospered especially as the southern terminus of theNatchez Trace, an old road connecting the city with Nashville, Tennessee, that was commercially and strategically important in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Population, 19,460. 纳齐兹：美国密西西比州西南部的一个城市，在密西西比河畔，和维克斯堡的西南偏南端接壤。1716年，作为防御工事而建立，曾一度被法国，大英帝国，西班牙和美国成功地占有过。纳齐兹尤其作为纳齐兹公路 南部的终点而繁荣昌盛，纳齐兹公路是一条连结纳什维尔城和田纳西城的老路，在18世纪未期和19世纪早期占有商业和战略的重要地位。人口19,460 〔Godoy〕Spanish politician whose alliance with Napoleon I against Great Britain led to the defeat of French and Spanish naval forces at Trafalgar (1805).戈多伊，曼纽尔·德：(1767-1851) 西班牙政治家，他同拿破仑一世结盟反对大英帝国，致使法国和西班牙海军1805年在特拉法尔加失败〔Page〕American journalist and diplomat. As U.S. ambassador to Great Britain (1913-1918) he encouraged American participation in World War I.佩奇，沃尔特·海因斯：(1855-1918) 美国新闻记者和外交家，作为驻大英帝国的大使(1913-1918年），他促使美国加速参加第一次世界大战〔Punjab〕A historical region of northwest India and northern Pakistan bounded by the Indus and Jumna rivers. It was a center of the prehistoric Indus Valley civilization and after c. 1500b.c. the site of early Aryan settlements. The Moguls brought the region to cultural eminence. The Punjab was controlled by Sikhs from 1799 to 1849, when it was annexed by Great Britain. It was partitioned between India and Pakistan in 1947. 旁遮普：印度西北部和巴基斯坦北部的一个邻接印度河与朱木拿河的历史地区，它是史前印度河谷文明的中心，于公元前 1500年后成为早期亚利安人的居住地，莫卧儿人使其成为著名的文化发祥地，公元1799年到1849年间被锡克教信徒控制，当时沦为大英帝国殖民地并于1947年被印度和巴基斯坦分据 〔Bayard〕American politician. As a U.S. representative from Delaware he played a crucial role in the disputed presidential election of 1800 and secured the choice of Thomas Jefferson over Aaron Burr in the House of Representatives. His grandsonThomas Francis Bayard (1828-1898) was the first to hold the rank of ambassador to Great Britain (1893-1897). 贝亚德，詹姆斯·阿瑟顿：(1767-1815) 美国的政治家。美国特拉华州众议员，他在1800年激烈的总统选举中为托马斯·杰斐逊助选，并产生了决定性的作用，确保了杰斐逊战胜众议院的艾伦·布尔。而他的孙子托马斯·弗朗西斯·贝亚德 （1828-1898年）成为第一个获任驻大英帝国的大使（1893-1897年） 〔Scotland〕A constituent country of the United Kingdom comprising the northern part of the island of Great Britain and the Hebrides, Shetland Islands, and Orkney Islands. Inhabited by Picts in prehistoric times, the region was invaded but never conquered by the Romans and split into a variety of small kingdoms after the fifth centurya.d. . In the ninth century most of Scotland was unified into one kingdom, but conflicts with the English to the south soon erupted, leading to a series of bloody wars. When Mary Queen of Scots's son James VI succeeded to the English throne in 1603, the two kingdoms were united. Scotland became a part of the kingdom of Great Britain by a parliamentary act of 1707. Edinburgh is the capital and Glasgow the largest city. Population, 5,149,500. 苏格兰：英国的一个选区，它包括大不列颠岛北部、赫布里底群岛、设得兰群岛和奥克尼群岛。史前时代皮克特人曾居住在那里，它曾被罗马人侵略过但从来没有被占领，在公元 5世纪后分裂成许多小的王国。到了9世纪，绝大部分苏格兰都被合并成一个国家，但是与英国人在南方的冲突很快就爆发了，从而导致了一系列血腥战争。当苏格兰王子詹姆斯六世的玛丽女王在1603年继承了英国王位后，这两个国家合并了。通过1707的议会法案，苏格兰成为大英帝国的一部分。爱丁堡是其首府，格拉斯哥是最大的城市。人口5,149,500 〔Garifuna〕A member of a people of mixed Carib and African ancestry living along the Caribbean coast of Honduras, Guatemala, Belize, and Nicaragua. The Garifuna were deported to the area in the late 18th century after their defeat by the British on the island of St. Vincent, where shipwrecked and escaped African slaves had intermarried with the indigenous Carib population beginning in the early 17th century.卡利福那人：拥有加乐比人与非洲祖先血统的族群，住在加勒比海沿岸的宏都拉斯、危地马拉、贝里斯和尼加拉瓜，危地马拉于十八世纪末叶在圣文生岛被大英帝国击败后，卡利福那人便被逐离该地。早在十七世纪初期，圣文生岛上船难的生还者与逃难的非洲奴隶就与加勒比人联姻 |
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