| 单词 | 大臣 |
| 释义 | 〔chancellery〕from chancelier [chancellor] * see chancellor 源自 chancelier [大臣] * 参见 chancellor〔chamberlain〕A high-ranking official in various royal courts.宫廷内务大臣：各种宫廷内的高级官员〔cabal〕The history ofcabal reveals how a word can be transferred from one sphere of activity to another while retaining only a tenuous connection with its past. Ultimately from Hebrewbut transmitted to English probably by way of Medieval Latin and French,cabal is first recorded in English in 1616 in the sense "cabala.” Cabala was the name for the Hebrew oral tradition transmitted by Moses and also the name for a Jewish religious philosophy based on an esoteric interpretation of the Hebrew Scriptures.The notion "esoteric" is central to the development of this word in English,forcabal, probably following the sense development in French, came to mean "a tradition, special interpretation, or secret,” "a private intrigue" (first recorded in 1646-1647),and "a small body of intriguers" (first recorded in 1660).It is probably not coincidental thatcabal is found with these latter meanings during the mid-17th century, that time of plots and counterplots by Royalists and Parliamentarians.The word gained a false etymology when it was noticed that the five most influential ministers of Charles II were named Clifford, Arlington, Buckingham, Ashley, and Lauderdale.单词cable 的历史表现出一个单词在与其过去的含义仅保持微弱联系的情况下，如何能够从一个使用范围转向另一个范围。 最起始是源于希伯来语，但可能是通过中世纪的拉丁语和法语转化为英语，cabal 以“秘教”的含义在英语中最早载于1616年。 Cabala 是对摩西所传的希伯来口头传说的称谓， 也是对基于希伯来圣经神秘解说的犹太宗教哲学的称谓。“深奥的”这个概念对于这个英文单词的发展是很重要的，因为cabal 可能是沿用法语里发展起来的含义， 意为“传统，特殊的理解或秘密的，“个人阴谋”（最早记载于1646至1647年），以及“较小的阴谋者的联合体”（最早记载于1660年）。它可能与cabal 的17世纪中叶的后来含义并不一致， 在这一时期内充斥着保皇党人和议员们的阴谋和对策。由于注意到查理二世时期五位最有影响的大臣姓名分别为克利福德，阿灵顿，白金汉，阿什利和劳德戴尔（其姓名首字母合起来为CABAL），该词由此得来一错误的语源说明〔Walpole〕English politician who as first lord of the treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer (1715-1717 and 1721-1742) led the Whig administration and was regarded as Britain's first prime minister, although the office was not officially recognized until 1905.沃尔浦尔，罗伯特：(1676-1745) 英国政治家，第一任财政部大臣和国库秘书(1715-1717和1721-1742年），领导辉格党政府，被认为是英国第一位首相，虽然直到1905年该职务才被正式承认〔Gaitskell〕British politician who served as Chancellor of the Exchequer (1950-1951) and leader of the Labor Party (1955-1963).盖茨克，休·托德·内罗：(1906-1963) 英国政治家，曾任财政部大臣 (1950-1951年）和工党领袖(1955-1963年）〔Raleigh〕English courtier, navigator, colonizer, and writer. A favorite of Elizabeth I, he campaigned in Ireland and Cádiz, explored Guiana, colonized Virginia, and introduced tobacco and the potato to Europe. Convicted of treason by James I, he was released for another expedition to Guiana and executed after its failure. His literary works include poetry, memoirs, and a world history.罗利，沃尔特：(1552?-1618) 英国大臣，航海家，殖民者，作家。他是伊丽莎白一世的宠臣，曾在爱尔兰和卡迪兹活动，考察了圭亚那，在弗吉尼亚州移民，把烟草和马铃薯传入欧洲。詹姆斯一世时被判为叛国罪，获释后又到圭亚那进行了一次远征，远征失败而被处死。他的文学著作包括诗歌、回忆录和世界历史〔Buckingham〕English courtier who was a prominent member of the influential group known as the Cabal that formed the ministry of Charles II after the Restoration. A vain and ambitious individual, Buckingham was dismissed for misconduct in 1674.白金汉：英王重臣，五大臣小集团的引人注目的成员。该集团曾组建王朝复辟后查理二世内阁。他是一个傲慢且怀野心的人，1674年因滥用职权被免职〔exalt〕exalted the shepherd to the rank of grand vizier.把牧羊人提升为高贵的大臣〔Bentinck〕British politician who served as prime minister (1783 and 1807-1809) and home secretary (1794-1801).本廷克，威廉·亨利·卡文迪什：(1738-1809) 英国政治家，曾任英国总理（1783和1807-1809年）和内务大臣（1794-1801年）〔Trevelyan〕British historian and politician who was secretary for Ireland (1882-1884) and Scotland (1886 and 1892-1895) and wrote the four-volumeAmerican Revolution (1899-1907). His son George Macaulay Trevelyan (1876-1962) was a historian and biographer whose works include three books on Garibaldi (1907-1911). 特里威廉，乔治·奥托：(1838-1928) 英国历史学家和政治家，曾任爱尔兰大臣(1882－1884年）和苏格兰大臣(1886年和1892－1895年）。他写了四卷本的《美国革命》 （1899－1907年）。他的儿子 乔治·麦考莱·特里威廉 (1876-1962年）是历史学家和传记作家，他的著作包括三本关于加里波第的著作(1907-1911年） 〔Chamberlain〕British politician who served as the mayor of Birmingham (1873-1876), president of the Board of Trade (1880-1885), and colonial secretary (1895-1903).张伯伦，约瑟夫：(1836-1914) 英国政治家，曾任伯明翰市长（1873-1876年）、贸易董事会总裁（1880-1885年）及殖民大臣（1895-1903年）〔chancery〕The office or department of a chancellor; a chancellery.首席法官的办公室：大臣（或大法官、总理等的）的官署或办事处；总理公署〔Livingston〕Scottish-born American colonist and public official who served as secretary for Indian affairs (1695-1728).利文斯通，罗伯特：(1654-1728) 苏格兰裔美国殖民者和官员，曾任印第安事务大臣（1695-1728年）〔Fahd〕King of Saudi Arabia (since 1982) who earlier served as interior minister (1962-1975) and helped shape Saudi domestic and foreign policy.法赫德：沙特阿拉伯国王（从1982年起），曾任内务大臣（1962-1975年），辅佐沙特的内外政策〔Derzhavin〕Russian lyric poet regarded as the greatest national poet before Pushkin. He served as poet laureate and minister of justice to Catherine II.德扎文，迦弗瑞利·罗曼诺维希：(1743-1816) 俄国抒情诗人，被视为该国在普希金之前最伟大的诗人。他担任过叶卡捷琳娜二世的桂冠诗人和法庭大臣 |
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