| 单词 | 同位素 |
| 释义 | 〔Soddy〕British chemist. He won a 1921 Nobel Prize for investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes.索迪，弗雷德里克：(1877-1956) 英国化学家，因对同位素的起源及性质的研究而于1921年获得诺贝尔奖〔geochronometry〕Measurement of geologic time, as through isotopic radioactive decay.地质年代测定：通过放射性同位素衰变来测定地质年代〔thorium〕A radioactive silvery-white metallic element that is recovered commercially from monazite. Its longest-lived isotope, the only one that occurs naturally, is Th 232 with a half-life of 1.41 × 1010 years. It is used in magnesium alloys, and isotope 232 is a source of nuclear energy. Atomic number 90; atomic weight 232.038; approximate melting point 1,750°C; approximate boiling point 4,500°C; approximate specific gravity 11.7; valence 4. See table at element 钍：一种商业上从独居石中提取的放射性银白色金属元素，其自然界中寿命最长的同位素是钍232，半衰期为141×1010年。用于镁合金，同位素232是核能的来源。原子序数90；原子量232.038；熔点约为1,750°C；沸点约为4,500°C；比重约为11.7；原子价为4 参见 element〔hassium〕An artificially produced radioactive element with atomic number 108 whose most long-lived isotopes have mass numbers of 264 and 265 with half-lives of 0.08 milliseconds and 2 milliseconds, respectively. Also called unniloctium ：人造放射性元素，原子序数号为108，生命期最长同位素的质量为264和265，半衰期分别为0.08毫秒和2毫秒 也作 unniloctium〔actinon〕A radioactive, inert, gaseous isotope of radon, with a half-life of 3.92 seconds.锕射气：氡的一种放射性的，惰性的和气态的同位素，其半衰期为3.92秒〔fermium〕A synthetic transuranic metallic element (atomic number 100) having 10 isotopes with mass numbers ranging from 248 to 257 and corresponding half-lives ranging from 0.6 minute to approximately 100 days. See table at element 镄：一种人工产生的放射性金属元素（原子序数为100），拥有10个在元素周期表中从248到257的同位素，半衰期从0.6分钟到约100天 参见 element〔einsteinium〕A synthetic transuranic element first produced by neutron irradiation of uranium in a thermonuclear explosion and now usually produced in the laboratory by irradiating plutonium and other elements. Its longest-lived isotope is Es 254 with a half-life of 276 days. Atomic number 99; melting point 860°C. See table at element 锿：一种人工合成超铀元素，在一次热核子反应的铀中子辐射中首次产生。 现在通常通过在实验室里辐照钚和其它元素而产生，其最不易衰变的同位素是Es254， 它的半衰期为276天，原子序数99；熔点860°C 参见 element〔technetium〕A silvery-gray radioactive metal, the first synthetically produced element, having 14 isotopes with masses ranging from 92 to 105 and half-lives up to 2.6×106 years. It is used as a tracer and to eliminate corrosion in steel. Atomic number 43; melting point 2,200°C; specific gravity 11.50; valence 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7. See table at element 锝：一种银灰色放射性金属，是第一个人工合成的元素，有十四个原子量从92到105且半衰期高达2.6×106年的同位素。用作放射追踪剂并可消除钢铁腐蚀现象。原子序数43；熔点2,200°C；比重11.50；原子价0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 参见 element〔radioecology〕The study of the effects of radiation and radioisotopes on an ecological population or community.放射性生态学：对放射性和放射性同位素对生态群落的影响的研究〔polonium〕A naturally radioactive metallic element, occurring in minute quantities as a product of radium disintegration and produced by bombarding bismuth or lead with neutrons. It has 27 isotopes ranging in mass number from 192 to 218, of which Po 210, with a half-life of 138.39 days, is the most readily available. Atomic number 84; melting point 254°C; boiling point 962°C; specific gravity 9.32; valence 2, 4. See table at element 钋：一种具有天然辐射性的金属元素，作为镭分裂的产物以极小量出现，可通过用中子轰击铋或铅获得。它从192到218的质量数中可排列为27种同位素，其中的钋210半衰期达138.39天，是最易得到的同位素。原子序数84；熔点254°C；沸点962°C；比重9.32；化合价2, 4 参见 element〔promethium〕A radioactive rare-earth element prepared by fission of uranium or by neutron bombardment of neodymium, having 14 isotopes with mass numbers ranging from 141 to 154 and used as a source of beta rays. Atomic number 61; melting point 1,168°C; boiling point 2,460°C; valence 3. See table at element 钜：放射性稀土元素，由铀分裂或钛的中子爆炸而成，有十四个拥有从141到154的质量数的同位素，用作β射线源。原子序数61；熔点1,168°C；沸点2,460°C；原子价为3 参见 element〔radium〕A rare, brilliant white, luminescent, highly radioactive metallic element found in very small amounts in uranium ores, having 13 isotopes with mass numbers between 213 and 230, of which radium 226 with a half-life of 1,622 years is the most common. It is used in cancer radiotherapy, as a neutron source for some research purposes, and as a constituent of luminescent paints. Atomic number 88; melting point 700°C; boiling point 1,737°C; valence 2. See table at element 镭：一种稀有的、有白色光泽、发光、高度放射性的金属元素，极少量地存在于沥青矿中，有13种同位素，质量数介于213和230之间，最常见的为镭226，半衰期为1,622年。镭可用于癌症的放射治疗，在其它一些研究中用作中子源，还可用作发光颜料的成分。原子序数88；熔点700°C；沸点1,737°C；原子价2 参见 element〔protium〕The most abundant isotope of hydrogen, H1, with atomic mass 1. 氘：氢的数量最丰富的一种同位素，H1，原子质量为1 〔plutonium〕A naturally radioactive, silvery, metallic transuranic element, occurring in uranium ores and produced artificially by neutron bombardment of uranium. Its longest-lived isotope is Pu 244 with a half-life of 76 million years. It is a radiological poison, specifically absorbed by bone marrow, and is used, especially the highly fissionable isotope Pu 239, as a reactor fuel and in nuclear weapons. Atomic number 94; melting point 640°C; boiling point 3,235°C; specific gravity 19.84; valence 3, 4, 5, 6. See table at element 钚：一种天然地放射性银色超铀金属元素，存在于铀矿中，对铀元素进行中子轰击而人工制成。其存在周期最长的同位素是半衰期为七千六百万年的钸244，它是一种核辐射毒素，特别是能被骨髓吸收。尤其是其极具可裂变性的同位素钸239，被用作一种核反应燃料并用在核武器中。原子序数94；熔点640°C；沸点3,235°C；比重19.84；化合价3, 4, 5, 6 参见 element〔lawrencium〕A short-lived, radioactive synthetic transuranic element produced from californium and having isotopes with mass numbers 255 through 260 and half-lives of a few seconds to three minutes; atomic number 103. See table at element 铹：一种寿命期短的、人工合成的放射性超铀元素，从锎中生成，有质量从255到260的同位素，半衰期从几秒钟到三分钟；原子序数103 参见 element〔emit〕isotopes that emit radioactive particles; a stove emitting heat.发射出放射性粒子的同位素；发出热量的炉子〔radioisotope〕A naturally or artificially produced radioactive isotope of an element.放射性同位素：天然存在或人工合成的某种元素的有放射性的同位素〔isotope〕One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers.同位素：两个或更多具有相同原子序数却具有不同的质量数的原子中的一个〔nobelium〕A radioactive transuranic element in the actinide series, artificially produced in trace amounts. Its longest-lived isotope is No 255 with a half-life of 3 minutes. Atomic number 102. See table at element 锘：在锕类元素中的一种放射性超铀元素，人工微量制造，其最长寿命的同位素是锘255，其半衰期为三分钟，原子序数102 参见 element〔californium〕A synthetic element produced in trace quantities by helium isotope bombardment of curium. All isotopes are radioactive, chiefly by emission of alpha particles. Atomic number 98; mass numbers 244 to 254; half-lives varying from 25 minutes to 800 years. See table at element 锎：一种合成元素，由氦同位素轰击锔可得到微量的这种元素。所有同位素均是放射性元素，主要放射出α粒子。原子序数98；原子量244到254；半衰期从25分钟到800年不等 参见 element〔radiolabel〕To tag (a hormone, an enzyme, or other substance) with a radioactive tracer.放射性同位素追踪剂：同放射性追踪剂（荷尔蒙、酶或其它物质）〔protactinium〕A rare, extremely toxic, radioactive element chemically similar to uranium, having 13 known isotopes, the most common of which is protactinium 231 with a half-life of 32,480 years. Atomic number 91; melting point 1,230°C; specific gravity 15.37; valence 4, 5. See table at element 镤：一种稀有的、剧毒放射性元素，在化学性质上与铀相似。有十三个已知的同位素，其中最常见的是半衰期为32,480年的镤231。原子序数为91；熔点1,230°C；比重15.37；原子价4, 5 参见 element〔actinouranium〕The isotope of uranium with mass number 235, fissionable with slow neutrons.锕铀：铀的同位素，原子质量数为235，与慢中子发生裂变〔neptunium〕A silvery, metallic, naturally radioactive element, atomic number 93, the first of the transuranium elements. Its longest-lived isotope is Np-237 with a half-life of 2.1 million years. Found in trace quantities in uranium ores, it is produced synthetically by nuclear reactions. See table at element 镎：一种银白色的、金属性天然放射性元素，原子序数为93，第一个超铀元素。其周期最长的同位素为Np-237，半衰期为210万年。见于铀矿的示踪量中，由核反应合成生产出来 参见 element〔radiocarbon〕A radioactive isotope of carbon, especially carbon 14.放射性碳：碳的一种放射性同位素，尤指碳14〔thoron〕A radioactive isotope of radon, Rn 220, having a half-life of 54.5 seconds and produced by the disintegration of thorium.钍射气：一种由钍的裂解产生的Rn220的放射性同位素，半衰期为54.5秒〔scandium〕A silvery-white metallic element found in various rare minerals and separated as a byproduct in the processing of certain uranium ores. An artificially produced radioactive isotope is used as a tracer in studies of oil wells and pipelines. Atomic number 21; atomic weight 44.956; melting point 1,540°C; boiling point 2,850°C; specific gravity 2.99; valence 3. See table at element 钪：一种发现于许多稀有矿物中的银白色金属元素，是某种铀矿加工过程中分离出的副产品，人造放射性同位素被用作油井和油气管道的探测剂。原子序数21；原子量44.956；熔点1,540°C；沸点2,850°C；比重2.99；化合价3 参见 element〔curium〕A silvery, metallic synthetic radioactive transuranic element. Its longest lived isotope is Cm 247 with a half-life of 16.4 million years. Atomic number 96; melting point (estimated) 1,350°C; valence 3. See table at element 锔：一种合成的银色放射性超铀金属元素。其周期最长的同位素是Cm247，该同位素的半衰期为16.4百万年。原子序数96；熔点（估计值）1,350°C；三价 参见 element〔autoradiograph〕An image recorded on a photographic film or plate produced by the radiation emitted from a specimen, such as a section of tissue, that has been treated or injected with a radioactively labeled isotope or that has absorbed or ingested such an isotope. Also called autoradiogram 自动射线照相：通过一个标本发出辐射而产生于照相胶卷上或底片上的影象，比如组织的一部分，经过处理或用放射性标记的同位素注射或吸收或吞入这样一种同位素 也作 autoradiogram〔isotope〕Greek topos [place (so called because the isotopes of a chemical element occupy the same position in the periodic table of elements)] 希腊语 topos [位置（这样命名是因为一个化学元素的同位素在元素周期表上占据相同的位置）] 〔Aston〕British chemist and physicist. He won a 1922 Nobel Prize for developments that led to the discovery of isotopes in nonradioactive elements.阿斯顿，弗朗西斯·威廉：(1877-1945) 英国化学家及物理学家。他因在非放射性元素的同位素的发现过程中取得重大进展而获1922年诺贝尔奖〔actinium〕A radioactive element found in uranium ores, used in equilibrium with its decay products as a source of alpha rays. Its longest lived isotope is Ac 227 with a half-life of 21.7 years. Atomic number 89; melting point 1,050°C; boiling point (estimated) 3,200°C; specific gravity (calculated) 10.07; valence 3. See table at element 锕：一种在铀矿中发现的放射性元素，作为阿尔法射线能源增入点用于与其衰变产物的平衡过程中，其最长的活同位素是半衰期为21.7年的锕227。原子序数为89；熔点为1,050摄氏度；（估计的）沸点为3,200摄氏度；（计算出的）比重为10.07；原子价为3 参见 element〔astatine〕A highly unstable radioactive element, the heaviest of the halogen series, that resembles iodine in solution. Its longest lived isotope has a mass number of 210 and has a half-life of 8.3 hours. Atomic number 85; melting point 302°C; boiling point 337°C; valence probably 1, 3, 5, 7. See table at element 砹：极不稳定放射性元素，在卤族元素比重最大，在溶解状态与碘相象，它最长周期的同位素原子量为210，半衰期为8.3小时。原子序数85；溶点302°C；沸点337°C；化合价可能为1、3、5、7 参见 element〔seaborgium〕An artificially produced radioactive element with atomic number 106 whose most long-lived isotopes have mass numbers 259, 261, 263, 265, and 266 with half-lives of 0.9, 0.23, 0.8, 16, and 20 seconds, respectively. Also called unnilhexium ：人工产生的放射性元素，原子序数号为106，生命期最长同位素的质量为259、261、263、265和266，半衰期分别为0.9秒、0.23秒、0.8秒、16秒和20秒 也作 unnilhexium〔tritium〕A rare radioactive hydrogen isotope with atomic mass 3 and half-life 12.5 years, prepared artificially for use as a tracer and as a constituent of hydrogen bombs.氘：氢的放射性稀有同位素，原子量为3，半衰期12.5年，人工配制可用作指示剂和氢弹的组成部分〔radioiodine〕A radioactive isotope of iodine widely used as a tracer in medical diagnosis.放射性碘：碘的一种放射性同位素，广泛地用于医学诊断作为追踪剂〔radiotherapy〕Treatment of disease with radiation, especially by selective irradiation with x-rays or other ionizing radiation and by ingestion of radioisotopes.放射疗法：用放射进行的疾病治疗，尤指用X射线或其它电离辐射的有选择放射和吞下放射性同位素〔deuterium〕An isotope of hydrogen with one proton and one neutron in the nucleus having an atomic weight of 2.014.氘：氢的一种同位素，在其原子核内有一个质子和一个中子，其原子重量为2.014〔Hevesy〕Hungarian chemist. He won a 1943 Nobel Prize for developing the use of isotopes as tracers to investigate chemical processes.赫维西，格奥尔格·冯：(1885-1966) 匈牙利化学家。他因发展了关于同位素用作调查化学过程的示踪技术的应用而获得1943年诺贝尔奖〔iodine〕A lustrous, grayish-black, corrosive, poisonous halogen element having radioactive isotopes, especially I 131, used as a medical tracer and in thyroid disease diagnosis and therapy. Iodine compounds are used as germicides, antiseptics, and dyes. Atomic number 53; atomic weight 126.9044; melting point 113.5°C; boiling point 184.35°C; specific gravity (solid, at 20°C) 4.93; valence 1, 3, 5, 7. See table at element 碘：一种有光泽的，灰黑色，具有腐蚀性的，有毒的卤元素，有放射性同位素，特别是碘131，被用作医疗上的显迹物和诊断、医治甲状腺疾病。碘化合物被用作杀菌剂、抗感染剂和染料。原子序数53；原子重量126.9044；熔点113.5°C；沸点184.35°C；比重（固体，在20°C时）4.93；化合价1，3，5，7 参见 element |
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