| 单词 | 前苏联 |
| 释义 | 〔Donetsk〕A city of southern European U.S.S.R. west-northwest of Rostov. Founded c. 1870, it is the leading industrial center of the region. Population, 1,073,000.顿涅茨克：前苏联欧洲部分南部城市，位于罗斯托夫港西北偏西。1870年建城，是该地区的主要工业中心。人口1,073,000〔Prut〕A river rising in western European U.S.S.R. and flowing about 885 km (550 mi) generally southeast along the Romanian border to the Danube River.普鲁特河：发源于前苏联欧洲地区的一条河流，大致向东南沿罗马尼亚边界流入多瑙河，全长885公里(550英里）〔Sakhalin〕An island of southeast Far Eastern U.S.S.R. in the Sea of Okhotsk north of Hokkaido, Japan. Colonized by Russia and Japan in the 18th and 19th centuries, it passed under Russian control in 1875.萨哈林岛：前苏联远东东南部一岛屿，位于日本北海道以北的鄂霍次克海18世纪和19世纪被俄国和日本殖民，1875年归属俄国控制〔Tobol〕A river of northeast Central Asian U.S.S.R. rising in the southeast foothills of the Ural Mountains and flowing about 1,690 km (1,050 mi) northeastward to the Irtysh River.托博尔河：前苏联中亚细亚东北部一条河流发源于乌拉尔山脉东南部的山脚下，全长1,690公里(1,050英里）东北方向注入额尔文斯河〔Eisenhower〕American general and the 34th President of the United States (1953-1961). As supreme commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force (1943-1945) he launched the invasion of Normandy (June 6, 1944) and oversaw the final defeat of Germany (1945). His presidency was marked by an end to the Korean War (1953), domestic racial problems, cold war with the Soviet Union, and a break in diplomatic relations with Cuba (1961).艾森豪威尔，德怀特·戴维：(1890-1969) 美国将领，第34任美国总统（1953-1961年）。任盟军远征军最高司令时（1943-1945年）发动了诺曼底登陆（1944年6月6日），最终打败了德国（1945年）。任总统期间突出的事件是，终止了朝鲜战争（1953年），国内种族问题，与前苏联的冷战，中断与古巴的外交关系（1961年）〔Ehrenburg〕Russian writer whose novels includeThe Storm (1948) and The Thaw (1954), which is set amid the repressive regime of Joseph Stalin. 爱伦堡，伊里亚·格里戈雷维奇：(1891-1967) 前苏联作家，著有《暴风雨》 （1948年）和背景为处于约瑟夫·斯大林的强制政权下的 《解冻》 （1954年） 〔Neva〕A river of northwest European U.S.S.R. flowing about 74 km (46 mi) from Lake Ladoga to the Gulf of Finland, an arm of the Baltic Sea.内华达河：前苏联欧洲部分西北部的河流，由拉多加湖流至波罗的海的伸出部分芬兰湾，流程约74公里(46英里）〔Tomsk〕A city of southwest Siberian U.S.S.R. northeast of Novosibirsk. It is a major river port and an industrial center. Population, 475,000.托木斯克：前苏联西伯利亚西南部一城市，位于新西伯利亚东北。它是一重要的河港和工业中心。人口475,000〔Nenets〕A member of a reindeer-herding people of the northeast European and northwest Siberian U.S.S.R.纳纳特斯人：欧洲东北部和前苏联西伯利亚西北部放牧驯鹿的一个民族的成员〔Sumgait〕A city of southern European U.S.S.R. on the Caspian Sea northeast of Baku. It is an industrial center. Population, 223,000.苏姆盖特：前苏联欧洲部分南部的一个城市，临里海，位于巴库的东北方，该市是一个工业中心。人口223,000〔Crimea〕A region and peninsula of southern European U.S.S.R. on the Black Sea and Sea of Azov. In ancient times it was colonized by Greeks and Romans and later overrun by Ostrogoths, Huns, and Mongols. Conquered by the Ottoman Turks in 1475, the area was annexed by Russia in 1783. The peninsula was the scene of the Crimean War (1853-1856), in which a coalition of English, French, and Turkish troops defeated the Russians, although Crimea itself did not change hands.克里米亚：前苏联欧洲部分南部的一个行政区和半岛，位于黑海和亚述海沿岸。在古代它曾被希腊人和罗马人统治，后来又被东哥特人、匈奴人和蒙古人侵占。它在1475年被奥斯曼土耳其人所征服，在1783年这一地区被俄国吞并。该半岛是克里米亚战争(1853-1856年）的战场，在这场战争中英国、法国和土耳其的联合军队击败了俄国军队，但克里米亚本身却没有易手〔Pskov〕A city of northwest European U.S.S.R. south-southwest of Leningrad. Dating from the eighth century, it became an important trade center and was annexed by Moscow in 1510. Population, 194,000.普斯科夫：前苏联欧洲部分西北地区一城市，在列宁格勒西南偏南方。它建立于8世纪，后来成为一个重要的商贸中心，1510年被莫斯科公国吞并。人口194,000〔Donets〕A river, about 1,046 km (650 mi) long, of southwest European U.S.S.R. It is a tributary of the Don River.顿涅茨河：前苏联欧洲部分西南部河流，流程约1,046公里(650英里）。是顿河的一条支流〔Penza〕A city of east-central European U.S.S.R. south-southwest of Kazan. Founded as a fortress in 1666, it is a railroad junction and major industrial center. Population, 527,000.奔萨：前苏联欧洲部分中东部一城市，位于喀山西南偏南。1666年成为要塞，是铁路交通枢纽和主要工业中心。人口527,000〔Dvina〕Also Northern Dvina A river, about 748 km (465 mi) long, of northern European U.S.S.R. flowing north and northeast intoDvina Bay, an arm of the White Sea. 也作 Northern Dvina 德维纳河：前苏联欧洲部分北面一河流，流程约748公里(465英里），向东北方向注入白海的一分支德维纳海湾 〔Dushanbe〕A city of southwest Central Asian U.S.S.R. south of Tashkent. It is a major industrial and commercial center in a rich agricultural area. Population, 552,000.杜尚别：中亚地区西南部的前苏联城市，位于塔什干城以南，周围是富裕农业区，是当地主要工业与贸易中心，人口552,000〔Kiev〕A city of western European U.S.S.R. on the Dnieper River southwest of Moscow. One of the oldest cities in the country, it was the center of the first Russian state and an early seat of Russian Christianity. Its power declined after the 12th century, and it was annexed by Moscow in 1686. Often known to Russians as "the Mother of Cities,” Kiev is also the capital of the Ukraine. Population, 2,448,000.基辅：苏联西欧部分一城市，位于莫斯科西南第聂伯河边。它是前苏联最古老的城市之一，曾是第一个俄罗斯国家的中心和俄罗斯基督教早期的中心。12世纪之后其权势衰落，1686年被莫斯科占领。它经常被俄罗斯人认为是“城市之母”。基辅还是乌克兰首都。人口2,448,000〔Lena〕A river of eastern Siberian U.S.S.R. rising near Lake Baikal and flowing about 4,296 km (2,670 mi) northeast and north to the Laptev Sea. Its delta is some 402 km (250 mi) wide.勒拿河：前苏联西伯利亚东部的一条河流，发源于贝加尔湖附近，向东北和北部流入拉普捷夫海，流程约4,296公里(2,670英里）。其三角洲宽约402公里(250英里）〔Tselinograd〕A city of eastern Central Asian U.S.S.R. southwest of Novosibirsk. It is a railroad junction in a mining region. Population, 262,000.切利诺格勒：前苏联中亚部分东部一城市，位于新西伯利亚西南，是矿区的铁路枢纽。人口262,000〔Togliatti〕A city of east-central European U.S.S.R. on the Volga River northwest of Kuibyshev. It is a manufacturing center. Population, 594,000.陶里亚蒂：前苏联欧洲地区中东部一城市，临伏尔加河，位于古比雪夫西北方。它是一个制造业中心。人口594,000〔Transcaucasia〕A region of southern European U.S.S.R. between the Caucasus Mountains and the borders of Turkey and Iran.外高加索：前苏联欧洲部分南部一区域，位于高加索山脉与土耳其和伊朗的边界之间〔Tula〕A city of central European U.S.S.R. south of Moscow. First mentioned in 1146, it was an important fortress in the 16th century and became an armament-manufacturing center in 1712. Population, 532,000.图拉：前苏联中欧城市，莫斯科以南，它首次被记载于1146年，16世纪是一要塞重地，1712年成为武器制造中心。人口532,000〔Lenin〕Russian founder of the Bolsheviks, leader of the Russian Revolution (1917), and first head of the U.S.S.R. (1917-1924). As a communist theoretician Lenin held that workers could not develop a revolutionary consciousness without the guidance of a vanguard party and that imperialism was a particular stage of capitalist development.列宁，弗拉基米尔·伊里奇：(1870-1924) 苏联布尔什维克的缔造者，俄国十月革命(1917年）的领导者，是前苏联的第一任领导人(1917-1924年）。作为一名共产主义的理论家，列宁认为：没有先驱政党的指导，工人就不能发展革命意识；帝国主义是资本主义发展过程中的一个特殊阶段〔Tunguska〕The name of three rivers of Siberian U.S.S.R. TheUpper Tunguska is the lower course of the Angara River. The Lower Tunguska flows about 3,218 km (2,000 mi) north and west to the Yenisei River. The Stony Tunguska, about 1,609 km (1,000 mi) long, flows generally west-northwest to the Yenisei. 通古斯卡河：前苏联西伯利亚的三条河的名字。上通古斯卡河 是安加拉河的下游。 下通古斯卡河 流程约3,218公里(2,000英里），向北又折向西注入叶尼塞河。 斯托尼通古斯坦河 流程约1,609公里(1,000英里），流向大致向西北偏西注入叶尼河 〔Samarkand〕A city of southern Central Asian U.S.S.R. southwest of Tashkent. Dating from the third or fourth millenniumb.c. , the city was conquered by Alexander the Great in 329, taken by the Arabs in the eighth century a.d. , and destroyed by Genghis Khan c. 1220. It was rebuilt as a fabled center of great splendor and opulence when it became (c. 1370) the capital of Tamerlane's empire. Population, 371,000. 撒马尔罕：前苏联中亚地区的城市，位于塔什干西南部。始于公元前 三千年或四千年，329年被亚历山大大帝征服， 公元 8世纪被阿拉伯人夺走，13世纪20年代被成吉思汗摧毁。在14世纪70年代成为塔玛莱恩首都，并成为传说中威严华丽的中心区。人口371,000 〔Brezhnev〕Soviet leader. He served as the chairman of the Presidium (now the Politburo) and secretary of the Communist Party before becoming president of the U.S.S.R. in 1977. In 1968 he enunciated the Brezhnev Doctrine, which asserts that the U.S.S.R. may intervene in any Warsaw Pact country in which the Communist government is threatened. Soviet adherence to this doctrine was evidenced by the invasion of Czechoslovakia (1968) and Afghanistan (1977).勃列日涅夫，利奥尼德·伊奇：(1906-1982) 苏联领导人。1977年成为苏联总统以前，曾任最高苏维埃主席团（即现在的政治局）主席和前苏联共产党总书记。1968年发表勃列日涅夫法则，声称当华沙条约成员国的共产党政府受到威胁时，苏联可以进行干涉。苏联坚持这一原则，入侵捷克斯洛伐克（1968年）和入侵阿富汗（1977年）即是证明 |
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