| 单词 | 共产党 |
| 释义 | 〔Communist〕communist Supporting, advocating, or serving to further communism: communist 共产党的：支持、拥护或从事更伟大的共产主义的：〔Flynn〕American political radical. A founder of the American Civil Liberties Union, she joined the Communist Party of the United States (1937) and served as its national chairperson (1961-1964).弗林，伊丽莎白·格利：(1890-1964) 美国政治激进分子，她是美国公民解放联合会的创始人，于1937年加入美国共产党并任其全国主席(1961-1964年）〔comrade〕Often Comrade A fellow member of a group, especially a fellow member of the Communist Party. 常作 Comrade 成员：某组织中的一员，尤指共产党的一员〔Bolshevik〕The wordBolshevik, an emotionally charged term in English, is derived from a very common word in Russian,bol'she, "bigger, more,” the comparative form ofbol'shoĭ, "big.” The nameBol'shevik was given to the faction in the majority at the Second Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party in 1903 (the term is first recorded in English in 1907).The smaller faction was known asMen'sheviki, from men'she, "less, smaller,” the comparative ofmalyĭ, "little, few.” TheBol'sheviki, who sided with Lenin in the split that followed the Congress, subsequently became the Russian Communist Party.In 1952 the wordBol'shevik was dropped as an official term in the Soviet Union, but it had long since passed into other languages, including English.It had even spawned the slang termbolshie, though there is nomenshie. 单词Bolshevik 在英语中是带有感情色彩的单词， 来源于俄语中非常普通的词bol'she “较大的，较多的”， 是bol'shoi “大”的比较级形式。 Bol'shevik 这个名字是给予1903年俄国社会民主工人党第二次大会时的多数派的 （英语中最早记有该词是1907年）。少数派即著名的Men'sheviki 来源于 men'she， “较少，较小”， 是malyi “小，少”的比较级形式。 Bol'sheviki ，即讨论会后分裂时站在列宁一边的那些人， 后来成为俄国共产党。1952年，Bol'shevik 一词成为苏联的官方术语。 但它已传入包括英语的其他语言。它甚至衍生了一个俚语词bolshie， 尽管不存在menshie 〔Kamenev〕Russian Communist leader who ruled with Stalin and Zinoviev after the death of Lenin (1924) but was expelled as a Trotskyite (1927) and was later imprisoned (1934) and executed.加米涅夫，莱夫·伯利索维奇：(1883-1936) 苏联共产党领导人，列宁逝世后（1924年），与斯大林和季诺维也夫共同掌权，1927年作为托洛茨基分子遭到清除，1934年被监禁，后被处决〔Khrushchev〕Soviet politician. A Stalin loyalist in the 1930's, he was appointed first secretary of the Communist Party in 1953. As Soviet premier (1958-1964) he denounced Stalin (1956), thwarted the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, and improved his country's image abroad. He was deposed (1964) for his failure to establish missiles in Cuba (1962) and improve the Soviet economy.赫鲁晓夫，尼基塔·谢尔盖耶维奇：(1894-1971) 苏联政治家。三十年代斯大林的忠实追随者，1953年被任命为共产党第一书记。作为苏联领导人（1958-1964年），他指责斯大林（1956年），挫败了1956年匈牙利革命，提高了苏联的国际形象。因在古巴建导弹（1962年）和改善苏联经济（1962年）双双失败而被罢免（1964年）〔Liebknecht〕German journalist and politician who founded (1918) the Spartacus Party, the precursor of the German Communist Party. He was arrested and murdered after a Spartacist uprising in 1919.李卜克内西，卡尔：(1871-1919) 德国新闻工作者和政治家，创建德国共产党的先驱行动——斯巴达克同盟(1918年）。在1919年的一次斯巴达克同盟成员的起义后被捕，并被杀害〔Togliatti〕Italian politician under whose leadership (1926-1964) the Italian Communist Party became the largest in western Europe.托格里亚第，帕尔米洛：(1893-1964) 意大利政治家，在他的领导下(1926-1964年）意大利共产党成为西欧最大的共产党组织〔politburo〕The chief political and executive committee of a Communist party.政治局：一个共产党主要的政治和执行委员会〔important〕Some critics have objected to the use of the phrasemore importantly in place of more important as a means of introducing an assertion, as inMore importantly, there is no party ready to step into the vacuum left by the Communists. But both forms are widely used by reputable writers,and there is no obvious reason for preferring one or the other.In an earlier surveythe introductory use ofmore importantly was acceptable to half of the members of the Usage Panel. 一些批评家已经对短语more importantly 作为表述一个断言的方法来代替短语 more important 提出反对意见， 如在句子更重要的是，没有政党准备进入共产党留下来的真空中去。 但是这两种形式都被有声望的作家广泛使用，并且没有明显的理由说哪个比哪个更好。在早期的调查中，more importantly 的引入使用对用法专题小组的半数成员来说是可以接受的 〔Luxemburg〕German socialist leader who cofounded (1918) the Spartacus Party, which became the German Communist Party. She was arrested after the Sparticist uprising in 1919 and subsequently murdered. Luxemburg's theoretical works includeAccumulation of Capital (1913). 卢森堡，罗萨：(1870-1919) 德国社会主义运动领袖，1918年参与创立斯巴达克同盟，后成为德国共产党。她在1919年斯巴达克同盟组织的起义中被逮捕随后被杀害。她的理论著作有《资本的积累》 （1913年） 〔Kun〕Hungarian politician who founded the Hungarian Communist Party (1918) and organized the revolution in Budapest (1919). He briefly served as premier but fled the country during a counterrevolution (1919).库恩，贝洛：(1886-1939?) 匈牙利政治家，他创建了匈牙利共产党（1918年），并于1919年在布达佩斯组织了革命。他作了很短一段时间的总理，在1919年的反革命运动中逃离了该国〔Cripps〕British statesman who advocated a unified front with the Communists against the Nazi threat. During World War II he was ambassador to Moscow (1940-1942) and later served as Chancellor of the Exchequer (1947-1950).克里普斯，（理查德）斯塔福德：(1889-1952) 英国政治家，曾倡导与共产党组成联合阵线以抵制纳粹的威胁。在第二次世界大战期间，他任英国驻莫斯科大使(1940-1942年），后来担任财政大臣(1947-1950年）〔Stalin〕Soviet politician. The successor of Lenin, he was general secretary of the Communist Party (1922-1953) and premier (1941-1953) of the U.S.S.R. His rule was marked by the exile of Trotsky (1929), a purge of the government and military, the forced collectivization of agriculture, a policy of industrialization, and a victorious but devastating role for the Soviets in World War II.斯大林，约瑟夫：(1879-1953) 苏联政治家列宁的继承人，曾担任苏联共产党的总书记(1922-1953年），苏联总理(1941-1953年），其统治以驱逐托洛茨基(1929年）、肃清政府和军队、强迫农业集体化、工业化政策为特点，他在苏联第二次世界大战期间扮演了一个虽取得胜利却造成破坏的角色〔Gramsci〕Italian political leader and theorist who helped establish the Italian Communist party in 1921. Mussolini later outlawed the party and Gramsci was imprisoned (1926-1937).葛米西，安东尼奥：意大利政治领导者及理论家，于1921年协助意大利共产党的建立，之后莫索里尼宣告此党为非法政党而葛米西因此被判入狱〔Kirov〕Russian revolutionary who was a chief aid of Stalin. His assassination, possibly on Stalin's order, formed the pretext of a major purge of the Communist Party.基洛夫，谢尔盖·米洛诺维奇：(1886-1934) 俄国革命者，斯大林的主要助手。他的被杀（可能是斯大林的命令）为共产党内的一次主要清党提供了藉口〔Trotsky〕Russian revolutionary theoretician. A leader of the Bolshevik Revolution (1917), he was later expelled from the Communist Party (1927) and banished (1929) for his opposition to the authoritarianism of Stalin and his emphasis on world revolution. His writings includeLiterature and Revolution (1925) and the autobiographical My Life (1930). Trotsky was murdered while in exile in Mexico. 托洛茨基，利昂：(1879-1940) 俄国革命理论家。是布尔什维克革命(1917年）领导人，后被逐出共产党(1927年）并因其反对斯大林政权和强调世界革命而被驱逐。他的著作包括《文学与革命》 （1925年）及自传 《我的一生》 （1931年）。托洛茨基在流亡墨西哥时被谋杀 〔Andropov〕Soviet politician who was general secretary of the Communist Party from 1982 to 1984.安德罗波夫，尤利：(1914-1984) 苏联政治家，曾在1982年至1984年间任共产党总书记〔Gromyko〕Soviet political leader who joined the Communist Party in 1931 and served as ambassador to the United States (1943-1946) and the United Nations (1946-1948). He later held the posts of foreign minister (1957-1983) and chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1983-1988).葛罗米柯，安德烈·安德列耶维奇：(1909-1989) 苏联政治领导人，1931年加入共产党，历任驻美国大使（1943-1946年），驻联合国大使（1946-1948年），外交部长（1957-1983年），苏联最高苏维埃主席团主席（1983-1988年）〔Taft〕American politician. As a U.S. Senator from Ohio (1939-1953) he was an outspoken conservative who opposed many New Deal policies, resisted American involvement in NATO, and endorsed Joseph McCarthy's investigations of Communist infiltration.塔夫脱，罗伯特·阿方索：(1889-1953) 美国政治家。作为一名来自俄亥俄州的美国参议员(1939-1953年），他是一名直率的保守派成员，曾反对过许多“新政”政策，抵制过美国参与大西洋公约组织，并批准了约瑟夫·麦卡锡对共产党渗透的调查〔Comintern〕An association of Communist parties of the world, established in 1919 by Lenin and dissolved in 1943.共产国际：世界上共产党的联合，由列宁在1919年建立，1943年解散〔Gomulka〕Polish politician who as secretary of the Communist Party in Poland (1956-1970) advocated a liberal type of socialism.哥穆尔卡，弗瓦迪斯瓦夫：(1905-1982) 波兰政治家，波兰共产党书记（1956-1970年），主张实行自由式的社会主义〔kulak〕A prosperous landed peasant in czarist Russia, characterized by the Communists during the October Revolution as an exploiter.富农：沙皇俄国时期拥有土地的富裕农民，在十月革命中被共产党划为剥削者〔Gorbachev〕Soviet politician who served as general secretary of the Communist Party (1985-1991) and became president of the U.S.S.R. in 1989. He won the 1990 Nobel Peace Prize.戈尔巴乔夫，米克海尔·谢尔盖耶维奇：(生于 1931) 苏联政治家，在1985-1991年期间任苏联共产党总书记，1989年成为苏联总统。曾获1990年诺贝尔和平奖〔Marx〕German philosopher, economist, and revolutionary. With the help and support of Friedrich Engels he wroteThe Communist Manifesto (1848) and Das Kapital (1867-1894). These works explain historical development in terms of the interaction of contradictory economic forces, form the basis of all communist theory, and have had a profound influence on the social sciences. 马克思，卡尔：(1818-1883) 德国哲学家、经济学家、革命者。在弗雷德里奇·恩格斯的支持和帮助下，完成著作《共产党宣言》 （1848年）和 《资本论》 （1867-1894年）。这些著作从对立的经济力量相互作用、相互影响的角度阐述了历史的进步与发展，成为社会主义的理论基础，在社会科学的许多方面产生深远的影响 〔Engels〕German socialist theorist and writer who met Karl Marx in Paris in 1844 and collaborated with him onThe Communist Manifesto (1848). 恩格斯，弗雷德里希：(1820-1895) 德国社会主义理论家及作家，1844年他在巴黎与卡尔·马克思相逢并从此与其开始合作《共产党宣言》 （1848年） 〔apparatchik〕A member of a Communist apparat.共产党：共产党组织的一员〔Browder〕American Communist leader. He was the Communist Party's candidate for President in 1936 and 1940.白劳德，厄尔·拉塞尔：(1891-1973) 美国共产党领袖。1936和1940年是共产党的总统候选人〔McCarthy〕American politician. A U.S. senator from Wisconsin (1947-1957), he presided over the permanent subcommittee on investigations and held public hearings in which he accused army officials, members of the media, and public figures of being Communists. His charges were never proved, and he was censured by the Senate in 1954.麦卡锡，约瑟夫·雷芒德：(1908-1957) 美国政治家，来自威斯康星州的美国参议员(1947-1957年）。他指责许多军队官员、新闻媒介内部工作人员和公众人物为共产党，并指挥一个永久委员会分会对他们进行调查和公开审判。他的指控从未成立，1954年他受到议会的谴责〔Foster〕American labor leader and radical politician who was a presidential candidate (1924, 1928, and 1932) and national chairman (1945-1956) of the Communist Party of the United States.福斯特，威廉·西布伦：(1881-1961) 美国工人领袖、激进派政治家，曾于1924、1928及1932年当选为总统候选人，并于1945年-1946年担任美国共产党中央主席〔Brezhnev〕Soviet leader. He served as the chairman of the Presidium (now the Politburo) and secretary of the Communist Party before becoming president of the U.S.S.R. in 1977. In 1968 he enunciated the Brezhnev Doctrine, which asserts that the U.S.S.R. may intervene in any Warsaw Pact country in which the Communist government is threatened. Soviet adherence to this doctrine was evidenced by the invasion of Czechoslovakia (1968) and Afghanistan (1977).勃列日涅夫，利奥尼德·伊奇：(1906-1982) 苏联领导人。1977年成为苏联总统以前，曾任最高苏维埃主席团（即现在的政治局）主席和前苏联共产党总书记。1968年发表勃列日涅夫法则，声称当华沙条约成员国的共产党政府受到威胁时，苏联可以进行干涉。苏联坚持这一原则，入侵捷克斯洛伐克（1968年）和入侵阿富汗（1977年）即是证明〔presidium〕Any of various permanent executive committees in Communist countries having power to act for a larger governing body.主管委员会，执行委员会：在共产党国家里一种永久的执行委员会，拥有为更高一级机构服务的权力 |
| 随便看 |
|
学习网英语词汇栏目收词371507余条，连同派生词、复合词、词组和习语等。每个词条提供了音标、词性、释义、用法、搭配和同（近）义词等多项功能，对所收词汇进行全方位的解释和说明，内容丰富，功能全面。