| 单词 | 公元前 |
| 释义 | 〔Philippic〕Any of the orations of Demosthenes against Philip of Macedon in the fourth centuryb.c. 抨击腓利王演说：公元前 4世纪，德摩斯梯尼反对马其顿国王腓利二世的演说之一 〔Lycian〕A language of the extinct Anatolian branch of Indo-European, found in inscriptions down to the beginning of the third centuryb.c. in southwest Turkey. 利西亚语：已绝迹的印欧语系中小亚细亚的一个分支语种，发现的碑文可追溯到公元前 3世纪初，碑文发现于土耳其西南部 〔pseudepigrapha〕A body of texts written between 200b.c. and a.d. 200 and spuriously ascribed to various prophets and kings of Hebrew Scriptures. 圣经次经：写于公元前200年 到 公元后200年 的一批经文，假托希伯来圣经中的各先知和国王所写 〔jeroboam〕After Jeroboam I (died c. 901 b.c. ), king of northern Israel 源自 耶罗博姆一世 （卒于 公元前 901年）的名字，北部以色列国王 〔Belgrade〕The capital and largest city of Yugoslavia, in the eastern part of the country at the confluence of the Danube and Sava rivers. Founded in the 3rd centuryb.c. , it was the primary city of Serbia from the 12th century until the formation of Yugoslavia in the 20th century. Population, 936,200. 贝尔格莱德：南斯拉夫首都和最大城市，位于该国东部的多瑙河与萨瓦河的汇合处。建于公元前 3世纪，从12世纪到南斯拉夫形成的20世纪，该城为塞尔维亚的主要城市。人口936,200 〔Thapsus〕An ancient city of northern Africa on the Mediterranean Sea in present-day Tunisia. Julius Caesar defeated Pompey's forces here in 46b.c. 塔普苏斯：地中海沿岸北非古城，位于今突尼斯。公元前 46年尤利乌斯·凯撒在此击败庞培的军队 〔Septuagint〕A Greek translation of the Old Testament made in the third centuryb.c. 七十子希腊文本圣经：公元前 3世纪制成的《圣经·旧约》的希腊文本 〔Cimon〕Athenian military and political leader who was instrumental in the organization of the Delian League (478) and commanded the defeat of the Persian fleet (466).西门：雅典军事、政治领导人，扶助了得洛斯同盟的组成（公元前478年） ，并指挥击败了波斯舰队（公元前466年）〔Achaea〕An ancient region of southern Greece occupying the northern part of the Peloponnesus on the Gulf of Corinth. The cities of the region banded together in the early third centuryb.c. to form the Achaean League, which defeated Sparta but was eventually beaten by the Romans, who annexed Achaea in 146 b.c. and later gave the name to a province that included all of Greece south of Thessaly. 亚加亚：希腊南部古代一地区，包括伯罗奔尼撒北部在科林斯湾的地区。该地区的城市在公元前 3世纪早期组成亚加亚联盟。这个联盟击败了斯巴达，然而最终被罗马击败。罗马人在 公元前 146年吞并了亚加亚，后来以此命名包括塞萨利以南全部希腊的一个省 〔apocalypse〕Any of a number of anonymous Jewish or Christian texts from around the second centuryb.c. to the second century a.d. containing prophetic or symbolic visions, especially of the imminent destruction of the world and the salvation of the righteous. 启示文学作品：一种作者不详的，公元前 2世纪至 公元 2世纪左右的犹太教或基督教启示文学作品，包含预言或象征情景，尤指世界末日迫近和正义者救世的内容 〔Hatshepsut〕Queen of Egypt (1503-1482) who on the death of her husband, Thutmose II (c. 1504), became regent for her son Thutmose III. She bestowed the title of pharaoh on herself and adopted all the pharaonic customs, including the wearing of a false beard.哈特谢普苏特：埃及王后（公元前1503-1482年），她在丈夫图特摩斯二世死后（公元前1540年）成为儿子图特摩斯三世的摄政者，她授予自己法老的头衔并采用所有的法老的风俗，包括戴假胡子等〔Catania〕A city of eastern Sicily, Italy on theGulf of Catania, an inlet of the Ionian Sea. Founded in the eighth century b.c. , Catania was a flourishing Greek community and later a Roman colony. Population, 378,521. 卡塔尼亚：意大利西西里岛东部一城市，濒临卡塔尼亚湾 ，是爱奥尼亚海的一个海湾。卡塔尼亚创建于 公元前 8世纪，曾是一个繁荣的希腊社区，后来沦为罗马殖民地。人口378,521 〔Provence〕A historical region and former province of southeast France bordering on the Mediterranean Sea. It was settled c. 600b.c. by Greeks and later by Phoenician merchants and was colonized by Rome in the second century b.c. Provence became part of the kingdom of Arles in 933 a.d. and later passed to the Angevin dynasty (1246) and to France (1486). 普罗旺斯：法国历史上东南部的一个地区和以前法国的一个省，临近地中海大约公元前 600年古希腊人开始在此定居，后来腓尼基商人也进入此地 公元前 2世纪，普罗旺斯成为罗马殖民地 公元 933年它成为亚耳王国的一部份，后来又归金雀花王朝所有（1246年）1486年归入法国 〔Roussillon〕A historical region of southern France bordering on Spain and the Mediterranean Sea. Originally inhabited by Iberians, it became part of Roman Gaul after c. 121b.c. and later changed hands many times, eventually becoming a Spanish possession that was transferred to France by the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659). 鲁西荣：法国南部与西班牙和地中海接界的一个历史地区，古伊比利亚人最初在此定居，公元前 121年该地区开始成为古罗马高卢的一部分，后来多次易手，最终成为西班牙人的领地，签订比利牛斯条约（1659年）后转交给法国 〔Neolithic〕Of or relating to the cultural period beginning around 10,000b.c. in the Middle East and later elsewhere, characterized by the development of agriculture and the making of polished stone implements. 新石器时代的：属于或同始于大约公元前 10,000年中东及后来其它一些地方的文化时期相关的，以农业发展和磨制石具的制作为特征 〔Themistocles〕Athenian military and political leader. After persuading the Athenians to build a navy, he led the new fleet to victory over Persia in the Battle of Salamis (480).西米斯托可斯：雅典人建立海军后，他领导新航队在塞拉米斯战役中（公元前480年）战胜波斯人〔Spartacus〕Thracian gladiator who led a slave revolt in Italy (73-71). He defeated Roman armies in southern Italy, but his forces were crushed at Lucania (71), where Spartacus was killed and many of his troops were crucified.斯巴达克思：色雷斯角斗士，曾在意大利领导奴隶起义（公元前73-71年）。他的军队曾在意大利南部击败罗马军队，但在卢卡尼亚全军覆没（公元前71年），斯巴达克思被杀害，他的军队也被钉死在十字架上〔Han〕A Chinese dynasty (206b.c. - a.d. 220) noted for unifying and expanding its national territory and for promoting literature and the arts. 汉：中国的一个朝代(公元前206年 - 公元220年 )，以其国家统一， 疆土扩大，文学和艺术得到提高而著称 〔postexilic〕Of or relating to the period of Jewish history following the Babylonian captivity (after 586b.c. ). 放逐期后的：巴比伦囚禁这段历史之后的犹太人的历史的（即公元前 586年之后），或与其有关的 〔Corinth〕A city of southern Greece in the northeast Peloponnesus on the Gulf of Corinth. It is near the site of the ancient city ofCorinth, which was founded in Homeric times and was a rich, influential maritime power in the seventh and sixth centuries b.c. Population, 22,658. 科林斯：位于科林斯湾内伯罗奔尼撒半岛东北希腊南部的一个城市。在科林斯 古城遗址附近，古城建于荷马时代，在 公元前 7和6世纪时是一个富裕的海上强国。人口22,658 〔Salamis〕An ancient city of eastern Cyprus. According to tradition, it was founded c. 1180b.c. by Teucer, a hero of the Trojan War, and was visited by Saint Paul during his first missionary journey. The city was abandoned after a.d. 648. 萨拉米斯：塞浦路斯东部一古城，据说公元前 1180年被特洛伊战争中的英雄图瑟发现，圣保罗在其第一次传教旅程中曾访问此城 公元 648年以后此城被放弃 〔Persia〕Also Per.sian Empire [-zhən, -shən] A vast empire of southwest Asia founded by Cyrus II after 546b.c. and brought to the height of its power and glory by Darius I and his son Xerxes. Alexander the Great conquered the empire in 334 b.c. A later empire was established by the Sassanids ( a.d. 226-637). 也作 Per.sian Empire [-zhən, -shən] 波斯：西南亚一个强大的帝国，公元前 546年后由居鲁士二世建立。到了大流士一世和他儿子色雷斯时期，帝国达到全盛时期 。 公元前 334年亚历山大大帝征服了波斯 。后来的帝国由萨桑王朝建立( 公元 226-637年） 〔Mahabharata〕A Sanskrit epic principally concerning the dynastic struggle and civil war between the Pandavas and the Kauravas in the kingdom of Kurukshetra about the 9th centuryb.c., and containing the text of the Bhagavad-Gita, numerous subplots, and interpolations on theology, morals, and statecraft. 摩诃婆罗多：一部梵语史诗，主要描写公元前 9世纪时俱卢之野战争即般陀婆王国和俱卢族之间的王朝斗争和内战，包含 《薄伽梵歌》 全文，以及众多陪衬情节和有关神学、道德和治国术方面的添写 〔Ionia〕An ancient region of western Asia Minor along the coast of the Aegean Sea. Greek settlers established colonies here before 1000b.c. The seaports of Ionia flourished from c. 8th century b.c. until the Turkish conquest of the 15th century a.d. 爱奥尼亚：古代小亚细亚西部沿爱琴海海岸的一个地区。希腊人在公元前 1000年以前在这儿建立了殖民地。爱奥尼亚的海港从 公元前 8世纪开始繁荣起来，直到 公元 15世纪土耳其人的征服 〔Chalcis〕An ancient city of southeast Greece on the western coast of Euboea. It was a prosperous trading center after the eighth centuryb.c. , establishing outposts in Italy, Syria, Sicily, and mainland Greece. 哈尔基斯城：希腊东南部一座位于奥尔比亚西海岸的古城。公元前 8世纪后为繁华的贸易中心，曾在意大利、叙利亚、西西里和希腊大陆建立前哨军事基地 〔Malachi〕A Hebrew prophet of the sixth centuryb.c. . 玛拉基：公元前 6世纪时的一位希伯来先知 〔Sabine〕A member of an ancient people of central Italy, conquered and assimilated by the Romans in 290b.c. 萨宾人：意大利中部的一个古代民族的成员，于公元前 290年被罗马人征服并同化 〔Latium〕An ancient country of west-central Italy bordering on the Tyrrhenian Sea. It was dominated by Rome after the third centuryb.c. 拉丁姆：意大利中西部一古国，毗邻第勒尼安海。公元前 3世纪被罗马占领 〔Maccabees〕A family of Jewish patriots of the second and first centuriesb.c. , active in the liberation of Judea from Syrian rule. 马加比家族：一个犹太爱国家族，公元前 2和1世纪时积极进行把朱迪亚从叙利亚解放出来的活动 〔Metapontum〕An ancient city of southeast Italy on the Gulf of Taranto. It was settled by Greeks c. 700b.c. Pythagoras taught here in the sixth century. 麦特蓬托姆：意大利东南的一座古老城市，临塔兰托湾公元前 700年由希腊人建立，6世纪时毕达哥拉斯曾在此讲学 〔Tripolitania〕A historical region of northern Africa bordering on the Mediterranean Sea. Originally a Phoenician colony, it was later held by Carthage, Numidia, and Rome (after 46b.c. ). Tripolitania fell to the Vandals in a.d. 435, to the Arabs in the seventh century, and finally to the Ottoman Turks in 1553. 的黎波里塔尼亚：非洲北部历史上的一个地区，临地中海。起初，它是腓尼基的一个殖民地，后来分别被迦太基、努米底亚和罗马占领（公元前 46年之后）。的黎波里塔尼亚在 公元 435年落入汪达尔人的统治，7世纪被阿拉伯人占领，最后于1553年被奥斯曼土耳其人占领 〔Epirus〕An ancient country on the Ionian Sea in present-day northwest Greece and southern Albania. It flourished in the 3rd centuryb.c. and was later a Roman province. An independent state after a.d. 1204, Epirus was conquered by the Turks in the 15th century. 伊庇鲁斯：爱琴海上一古国，位于现今希腊和阿尔巴尼亚南部的西北方，公元前 3世纪达到全盛，后成罗马帝国一省， 公元 1204年成为一自由城邦，15世纪伊庇鲁斯被土耳其人占领 〔Sumer〕An ancient country of southern Mesopotamia in present-day southern Iraq. Archaeological evidence dates the beginnings of Sumer to the fifth millenniumb.c. By 3000 a flourishing civilization existed, which gradually exerted power over the surrounding area and culminated in the Akkadian dynasty founded (c. 2340) by Sargon I. Sumer declined after 2000 and was later absorbed by Babylonia and Assyria. The Sumerians are believed to have invented the cuneiform system of writing. 苏美尔：美索不达米亚平南部一古国，位于今伊拉克南部。据考古学的证据显示，苏美尔的建立可追溯到公元前 五千年，到公元前3000年，就已出现了繁荣的文明，它逐渐地影响并控制了周围的地区，到萨尔贡世建立的古阿卡德王朝时（前2340年）、文明达到顶峰的公元前2000年前后，苏美尔开始衰落，后来被巴比伦和亚述吞并，人们相信苏美尔人发明了象形文字 〔Tarsus〕A city of southern Turkey near the Mediterranean Sea west of Adana. Settled in the Neolithic Period, it was one of the most important cities of Asia Minor under Roman rule (after 67b.c. ). Saint Paul was born in Tarsus. Population, 121,074. 塔尔色斯：土耳其南部一城市，位于地中海沿岸，安达纳西部。在新石器时代该城即已建立，它是罗马统治下的小亚细亚最重要城市之一（在公元前 67年以后）。圣·保罗就生于塔尔色斯。人口121,074 〔decemvir〕One of a body of ten Roman magistrates, especially a member of one of two such bodies appointed in 451 and 450b.c. to draw up a code of laws. 十大执政官之一：作为古罗马国家首脑的十大执政官之一，尤指公元前 451年和450年被指定起草法典的其中一二人 〔Milan〕A city of northern Italy northeast of Genoa. Probably of Celtic origin, it was taken by the Romans in 222b.c. and has been an important commercial, financial, cultural, and industrial center since medieval times because of its strategic location. Population, 1,634,638. 米兰：意大利北部一城市，位于热那亚东北。可能由塞尔特人所建，公元前 222年被罗马人占领，因其处于战略要地，自中世纪以来一直是一个重要的商业、金融、文化和工业中心。人口1,634,638 〔Molise〕A region of south-central Italy bordering on the Adriatic Sea. Conquered by the Romans in the 4th centuryb.c. , it was ruled by a Lombard duchy from the 6th to the 11th century a.d. 莫利塞：意大利中南部的一个地区，位于亚得里亚海沿岸。公元前 4世纪被罗马人征服， 公元 6世纪至11世纪由伦巴族公国统治 〔Pisistratus〕Athenian tyrant (560-527) remembered for encouraging athletic contests and literary efforts.庇西特拉图：雅典暴君（公元前560-527年），以其鼓励体育竞赛和对文学的贡献而闻名〔Magadha〕An ancient kingdom of northeast India. It was especially powerful from the fourth centuryb.c. to the fifth century a.d. , particularly under the emperor Asoka (third century b.c. ). 摩揭陀：印度东北部的一个古国。它在公元前 4世纪到 公元 5世纪尤为强盛，特别是在皇帝阿育王统治时期( 公元 前3世纪） 〔Caria〕An ancient region of southwest Asia Minor with a coastline on the Aegean Sea. It was settled by Dorian and Ionian colonists and conquered by Alexander the Great in 334b.c. 卡里亚：小亚细亚西南部一古老地区，其海岸线濒临爱琴海。曾是多利安和爱奥尼亚的殖民地，公元前 334年被亚历山大大帝征服 |
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