| 单词 | 儿童 |
| 释义 | 〔Piaget〕Swiss child psychologist noted for his studies of intellectual and cognitive development in children.皮亚杰，简：(1896-1980) 瑞士儿童心理学家，因研究儿童智力和认识发展而闻名〔childe〕A child of noble birth.少爷：出生高贵的儿童〔child〕A person between birth and puberty.儿童：从出生到青春期之间的人〔Erikson〕German-born American psychoanalyst who proposed that people acquire mature psychosexual traits by overcoming a series of personal crises. His works includeChildhood and Society (1950). 埃里克逊，埃里克·洪堡：(生于 1902) 出生于德国的美国心理分析家,他认为人们是通过克服一系列的个人危机而获得成熟的精神性品质,他的著作包括《儿童与社会》 （1950年） 〔kindergarten〕A program or class for four-year-old to six-year-old children that serves as an introduction to school.幼儿园：为四岁至六岁儿童提供学前教育的课程或班级〔encyclopedia〕paideia [education] from pais paid- [child] * see pau- paideia [教育] 源自 pais paid- [儿童] * 参见 pau- 〔parasomnia〕Any of several disorders that frequently interfere with sleep, occurring especially among children and including sleepwalking, night terrors, and bed-wetting.拟梦症：几种常常干扰睡眠的生理机能失调症中的任意一种，尤其在儿童间很常见且有夜游、夜惊和尿床现象〔jumper〕Often jumpers A child's garment consisting of straight-legged pants attached to a biblike bodice. 常作 jumpers 连衫裤童装：一种儿童穿的外套，直统裤腿的长裤和围裙似的上装连在一起〔Freud〕Austrian-born British psychoanalyst noted for her application of psychoanalysis to child therapy.弗洛伊德，安娜：(1895-1982) 生于奥地利的英国心理分析学家，以她将心理分析应用在儿童精神治疗中而著名〔yaws〕A highly contagious tropical disease that chiefly affects children, caused by the spirocheteTreponema pertenue and characterized by raspberrylike sores, especially on the hands, feet, and face. Also called frambesia 雅司病：一种高度传染性热带疾病，主要感染儿童，由螺旋体细弱密螺旋体 引起，特征是木莓状的肿疮，多发于手、脚和脸上 也作 frambesia〔Kipling〕British writer whose major works, including the short story "The Man Who Would Be King" (1889), a collection of children's stories,The Jungle Book (1894), and the novel Kim (1901), are set in British-occupied India. He won the 1907 Nobel Prize for literature. 吉卜林，（约瑟夫）卢迪亚：(1865-1936) 英国作家，其主要作品包括短篇小说“想当皇帝的人”（1889年），儿童故事集《丛林故事》 （1894），以及描述英国占领下的印度的小说 《吉姆》 （1901）。他获得1907年诺贝尔文学奖 〔Hall〕American psychologist who established an experimental psychology laboratory at Johns Hopkins University (1882), founded child psychology, and profoundly influenced educational psychology.霍尔，格朗维尔·斯坦利：(1844-1924) 美国心理学家，1882年他在约翰斯·霍普金斯大学建立了一座实验性的心理实验室，创建儿童心理学，对教育心理学影响极大〔throwaway〕A child or teenager who has been rejected, ejected, or abandoned by parents or guardians and lives on the streets.弃儿：被父母或监护人抛弃、驱赶或遗弃并生活在街上的儿童或少年〔cornball〕a kid's cornball humor.一个儿童的幼稚玩笑〔infant〕Intended for infants or young children.供婴儿使用的：为婴儿或年龄很小的儿童设计的〔school〕An institution for the instruction of children or people under college age.（中、小）学校：儿童或大学年龄以下人们受教育的机构〔gendered〕gendered behavior in children; gendered assumptions about the law's fairness.儿童之间以性别为分类的行为；对于法律的公平性中有关性别的预设立场〔juvenile〕A young person; a child.少年：年轻人；儿童〔limbo〕Our use of the wordlimbo to refer to states of oblivion, confinement, or transition is derived from the theological sense ofLimbo as a place where souls remain that cannot enter heaven, for example, unbaptized infants.Limbo in Roman Catholic theology is located on the border of Hell, which explains the name chosen for it.The Latin wordlimbus, having meanings such as "an ornamental border to a fringe" and "a band or girdle,” was chosen by Christian theologians of the Middle Ages to denote this border region.English borrowed the wordlimbus directly, but the formlimbo that caught on in English, first recorded in a work composed around 1378,is from the ablative form oflimbus, the form that would be used in expressions such asin limbō, "in Limbo.” 我们用limbo 这个词指被忘却、监禁或过渡的状态， 此用法源于Limbo 的神学含义， 指那些不能升入天堂的灵魂（如未受洗的儿童）所在地。Limbo 在罗马天主教的教义中指位于地狱的边境， 这也是为什么选这个词指地狱的边境的原因。拉丁词limbus 有诸如“流苏或穗状的装饰性花边“和”嵌条或腰带”的意思， 中世纪的基督教神学家选用这个词来指这种边界地区。英语直接借用了limbus 这个词， 但出现于英语中的limbo 这种形式， 首次记载于1378年左右完成的作品中，它源自limbus 的夺格形式， 这种用法是在短语in limbo 中出现的，意思是“在地狱的边界地区” 〔Blackwell〕British-born American physician who was the first woman to be awarded a medical doctorate in modern times (1849). She founded (1853) an infirmary for women and children in New York City that her sisterEmily Blackwell (1826-1910), also a physician, directed (1869-1910) and built into an accredited medical school. 布莱克威尔，伊丽莎白：(1821-1910) 英裔美籍内科医生，是现代（1849年）第一个获医学博士的女性。她于1853年在纽约创办了一个妇女和儿童诊所。她的妹妹《埃米莉·布莱克韦尔》 （1826-1910年），也是一个内科医生。她在1869-1910年期间管理和创建一个合乎标准的医学院 〔strophulus〕A disease, especially common among children, sometimes associated with intestinal disturbances and characterized by a papular eruption of the skin. Also called red gum 2小儿丘疹性荨麻症：在儿童中尤为普遍的一种疾病，有时与肠内紊乱有关，特点是皮肤出现大量麻斑 也作 red gum2〔daycare〕Provision of daytime training, supervision, recreation, and often medical services for children of preschool age, for the disabled, or for the elderly.日托：为学龄前儿童、残疾人或老年人提供的白天教育、管理、娱乐和常天的医疗服务〔pedology〕The study of the physical and mental development and characteristics of children.儿科学：研究儿童身心发育及特点的学科〔Orff〕German composer and educator who developed a well-known system of music instruction for children, using percussion instruments and motion.奥尔夫，卡尔：(1895-1982) 德国作曲家、教育家。为儿童发展了一套使用打击乐器和动作的世界闻名的音乐指导系统〔slide〕A playground apparatus for children to slide on, typically consisting of a smooth chute mounted by means of a ladder.滑梯：供儿童滑行的一种操场器械，通常有一条光滑的斜道，可以用梯子爬上去〔Sewell〕British writer of the children's classicBlack Beauty (1877). 斯维尔，安娜：(1820-1878) 英国儿童古典作品《黑美人》 （1877年）的作者 〔rickets〕A deficiency disease resulting from a lack of vitamin D or calcium and from insufficient exposure to sunlight, characterized by defective bone growth and occurring chiefly in children. Also called rachitis 佝偻病，软骨病：由缺乏维生素D或钙及日晒不足导致的缺陷疾病，症状为有缺陷的骨质发育，主要发生于儿童中 也作 rachitis〔latency〕The psychoanalytic stage of development, from about five years to puberty, during which a child represses sexual urges and prefers to associate with members of the same sex.潜伏期：心理分析学中人的大约五岁到青春期这一发展阶段，在这期间儿童压抑其性欲并倾向于与同性别成员相处〔godmother〕A woman who sponsors a person at baptism.教母：在儿童受洗礼时担任教母的女子〔Patten〕American writer who created the hero Frank Merriwell and wrote numerous children's adventure stories.帕藤，吉尔伯特：(1866-1945) 美国作家，他创造了英雄人物弗兰克·梅里威尔的形象，写了许多儿童历险故事〔poliomyelitis〕A highly infectious viral disease that chiefly affects children and, in its acute forms, causes inflammation of motor neurons of the spinal cord and brainstem, leading to paralysis, muscular atrophy, and often deformity. Through vaccination, the disease is preventable. Also called infantile paralysis 脊髓灰质炎；小儿麻痹症：一种极具感染性的病毒性疾病，主要影响儿童，而且严重时，可导致脊髓和脑干的运动神经无发炎，从而引起瘫痪、肌肉萎缩、常常还可造成畸形。通过接种疫苗，这种疾病是可以预防的 也作 infantile paralysis〔hornbook〕An early primer consisting of a single page protected by a transparent sheet of horn, formerly used in teaching children to read.角帖书：一种早期初级读物，即为一张盖有透明角片作为保护的书页，以前供儿童认字用〔shoofly〕A child's rocker having the seat built between two flat sides cut in the shape of an animal.动物形摇椅：一种儿童摇椅，其座位两侧被做成动物的形状〔comfortable〕children snug in their beds.儿童睡在温暖而舒适的床上。〔Zangwill〕British writer and Zionist whose works, including the novelChildren of the Ghetto (1892) and the play Melting Pot (1908), concern the lives of Jewish immigrants. 赞格威尔，以色列：(1864-1926) 英国剧作家和犹太复国主义者，其作品包括小说《犹太区的儿童》 （1892年）和剧本 《熔炉》 （1908年），反映犹太移民的生活 〔command〕The teacher ordered the child to leave the room). 教员命令儿童离开教室）。 〔childproof〕a childproof aspirin bottle.不会被儿童弄坏的阿斯匹林药瓶〔preteen〕Being a child especially between the ages of 9 and 12; preadolescent.青春期前的儿童：主要指9岁到12岁之间的儿童；接近青春期的儿童〔dollhouse〕A small model house used as a children's toy or to display miniature dolls and furniture.玩具屋：儿童放玩具的小屋〔Macdonald〕Scottish writer known primarily for his allegorical children's books, includingAt the Back of the North Wind (1871). 麦克唐纳，乔治：(1824-1905) 苏格兰作家，主要以他的寓言性儿童作品而著称，包括《北风的背后》 （1871年） |
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