| 单词 | 传染病 |
| 释义 | 〔dourine〕A contagious disease of horses, asses, and mules caused by the protozoan parasiteTrypanosoma equiperdum, which is transmitted during copulation. 马等的性病：马、驴、骡的传染病，由原生寄生虫引起的，该疫锥体虫 通过交媾传播 〔novobiocin〕An antibiotic, C31H 36N 2O 11, produced by the actinomycete Streptomyces nivens and used to treat infections by gram-positive bacteria. 新生霉素：抗生素，C31H 36N 2O 11，由放线菌产生 雪白链霉菌 ，并可用于治疗革兰氏阳性菌引起的传染病 〔favus〕A chronic skin infection, usually of the scalp, caused by fungi of the genusTrichophyton and characterized by the development of thick, yellow crusts over the hair follicles. 黄癣：一种慢性皮肤传染病，通常发生在头皮，由发癣菌 属的细菌引起，特点是发囊上形成厚而黄的硬皮 〔bacitracin〕A polypeptide antibiotic obtained from a strain of a bacterium(Bacillus subtilis) and used as a topical ointment in the treatment of certain bacterial infections, especially those caused by cocci. 杆菌肽素：一种从菌系（模式种） 中获得的多肽抗菌素，在对某种细菌传染病的治疗，尤指那些由球菌引起的传染病的治疗中用作局部软膏 〔ich〕A contagious disease of tropical marine and freshwater fishes, caused by a protozoan(Ichthyophthirius multifiliis) and characterized by small white pustules on the skin and eyes. 鱼虱虫病：热带海洋或淡水鱼类的一种传染病，由纤虫原生动物（多子小瓜虫） 引起，特征为皮肤和眼睛上起白色小脓疱 〔lazaretto〕A hospital treating contagious diseases.传染病医院：专门治疗传染性疾病的医院〔infectious〕Capable of causing infection.传染的：能够导致传染病的〔noma〕A severe, often gangrenous inflammation of the mouth or genitals, occurring usually after an infectious disease and found most often in children in poor hygienic or malnourished condition.走马疳，坏疽性口炎：嘴或生殖器部分严重的经常为生疽性的发炎，通常在感染了传染病后发生，最常发病于卫生条件极差或营养状况不良的孩子〔nonpersistent〕a nonpersistent pesticide; a nonpersistent infection.非持久性杀虫剂；非持久性传染病〔contagious〕Of or relating to contagion.接触传染病的：接触传染病的或与之有关的〔epidemic〕An outbreak of a contagious disease that spreads rapidly and widely.流行：传染病的迅速广泛传播和蔓延〔center〕The epidemic centered in the urban areas.传染病集中于市区〔foscarnet〕An antiviral drug, CNa3O 5P, used in the treatment of several AIDS-related infections including cytomegalovirus retinitis. 磷碳钠：抗病毒药剂，用于治疗与艾滋病相关的几种传染病，包括巨细胞病毒视网膜炎CNa3O 5P 〔gentamicin〕A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from an actinomycete of the genusMicromonospora, used in its sulfate form to treat various infections. 庆大霉素：一种从绛红小单孢菌 属放线菌中得到的广光谱抗生素，以硫酸盐形式被用来治疗各种传染病 〔vibriosis〕Infection with the bacteriumVibrio parahaemolyticus, often the result of eating undercooked seafood from contaminated waters. 弧菌病：一种带副溶血性弧菌噬体 的传染病，经常是由于吃了来自污染水源且没有做熟的海味食品 〔taking〕Contagious; catching. Used of an infectious disease.传染性的；能传染的。用于指一种传染病〔mortality〕the mortality wrought by an epidemic.由一传染病引起的大批死亡〔Massachusett〕A Native American people formerly located along Massachusetts Bay from Plymouth north to Salem. Reduced by epidemics, the Massachusett ceased to exist as a people during the 17th century.马萨诸塞族：北美本土民族，早期定居在马萨诸塞湾的从普利茅斯北部到沙龙地区。因传染病而人口减少，该民族在17世纪消亡〔erysipeloid〕An infectious disease of the skin that is contracted by handling fish or meat infected with the bacteriumErysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and characterized by red lesions on the hands. 类丹毒：皮肤传染病，可以通过接触被细菌丹毒丝菌 感染的鱼和肉而传染，症状是手上出现红肿的机能障碍 〔tylosin〕An antibiotic, C46H 77NO 17, obtained from the actinomycete Streptomyces fradiae and used to treat respiratory infections in animals. 泰乐菌素：一种抗菌素，C46H 77NO 17，从放线菌 Sfreptomyces fradiae 中提取，用来治疗动物的呼吸系统传染病 〔roup〕An infectious disease of poultry and pigeons characterized by inflammation of and mucous discharge from the mouth and eyes.鸟痘，家禽白喉：一种家禽和鸽子得的嘴和眼睛肿大并流出粘液的传染病〔contagion〕A disease that is or may be transmitted by direct or indirect contact; a contagious disease.接触性传染病：一种（可）由直接或间接接触来传播的疾病；接触性传染病〔zymosis〕An infectious disease, especially one caused by a fungus.传染病，尤指由真菌引起〔penicillin〕Any of a group of broad-spectrum antibiotic drugs obtained from penicillium molds or produced synthetically, most active against gram-positive bacteria and used in the treatment of various infections and diseases.青霉素，盘尼西林：一种从青霉菌或人工合成青霉菌中提炼的广谱抗生素，能最有效地防治革兰氏阳性细菌且广泛运用于各种传染病和疾病的治疗中〔pestilent〕Likely to cause an epidemic disease.会传染的，传染病的：有可能引起传染病的〔antibiotic〕A substance, such as penicillin or streptomycin, produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms. Antibiotics are widely used in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.抗菌素，抗生素：由真菌，细菌和其它微生物产生或从中得到的一种物质，如青霉素或链霉素，可以破坏或抑制其它微生物的生长。抗菌素广泛用于传染病的预防和治疗〔anthrax〕An infectious, usually fatal disease of warm-blooded animals, especially of cattle and sheep, caused by the bacteriumBacillus anthracis. The disease can be transmitted to human beings through contact with contaminated animal substances, such as hair, feces, or hides, and is characterized by ulcerative skin lesions. 炭疽，脾脱疽，脾瘟：一种传染病，对温血动物尤其牛羊通常是致命性的，由炭疽杆菌 感染引起。通过与带病毒的动物部位如毛发、粪便、毛皮接触后可以传染给人，病症为皮肤溃烂损伤 〔cryptococcosis〕A systemic infection caused by the fungusCryptococcus neoformans that can affect any organ of the body but most often occurs in the central nervous system. 隐球菌病：一种由新型隐球酵母 真菌所致的全身性传染病，能够侵袭身体的任何器官，但多数通常出现在中枢神经系统中 〔persistent〕persistent rumors; a persistent infection.持久的谣言；持久性传染病〔syphilis〕In 1530 Girolamo Fracastoro, a physician, astronomer, and poet of Verona,published a poem entitled "Syphilis, sive Morbus Gallicus,” translated as "Syphilis, or the French Disease.” In Fracastoro's poem the name of this dreaded venereal disease is an altered form of the hero's name,Syphilus. The hero, a shepherd, is supposed to have been the first victim of the disease. Where the nameSyphilus itself came from is not known for certain, but it has been suggested that Fracastoro borrowed the name from Ovid'sMetamorphoses. In Ovid's work Sipylus (spelledSiphylus in some manuscripts) is the oldest son of Niobe, who lived not far from Mount Sipylon in Asia Minor.Fracastoro's poem about Syphilus was modeled on the story of Niobe.Although the etymology involving Sipylus was known to the editors of theOxford English Dictionary, it was not accepted as their last word on the subject.C.T. Onions, one of the dictionary's editors, writing in theOxford Dictionary of English Etymology, says that “ Syphilus [the shepherd's name] is of unkn[own] origin.” Fracastoro went on to use the termsyphilis again in his medical treatise De Contagione, published in 1546. The word that Fracastoro used in Latin was eventually borrowed into English, being first recorded in 1718.1530年，吉罗拉莫·弗拉卡斯特罗，一位医生，天文学家，也是维罗纳的诗人，发表了名为"Syphius, sive Morbus Gallicus"的诗，译作“梅毒，或法国疾病”。在弗拉卡斯特罗的诗中，这种可怕的性病的名字是主人公名字 Syphilus（西弗乐斯） 的变体。 主人公是一名牧羊人，据认为是该病的第一个受害者。 Syphilus（西弗乐斯） 这一名字本身的来源并不明确， 但有人认为弗拉卡斯特罗是从奥维德的变形记 中借用的。 在奥维德的作品中，西皮卢斯（Sipylus）（有些版本写作Siphylus ）是尼俄柏的大儿子， 他住在小亚细亚的锡皮劳恩山附近。弗拉卡斯特罗的有关西弗乐斯的诗是以尼俄柏的故事为原型的。尽管牛津英语词典 的编者们知道有关西弗乐斯的词源， 这种词源解释还没有被最终确认下来。该词典的编者之一，C·T·奥尼恩斯在牛津英语词源 中写道“ 西弗乐斯 的词源不详”。 在弗拉卡斯特罗发表于1546年的医学论文传染病 中，他继续用 梅毒 这一词语。 弗拉卡斯特罗用的这一拉丁语词是终被借用进英语，其最早的记录出现于1718年〔murrain〕Any of various highly infectious diseases of cattle, as anthrax.牛疫：发于牛身上的各种恶性传染病，比如炭疽〔vaccinate〕To inoculate with a vaccine in order to produce immunity to an infectious disease such as diphtheria or typhus.给…接种牛痘：接种牛痘，以产生对白喉或班疹伤寒等传染病的免疫力〔plague〕A highly infectious, usually fatal, epidemic disease, especially bubonic plague.瘟疫，传染病：一种高度传染且经常是致命的瘟疫，特别指淋巴腺鼠疫〔psittacosis〕An infectious disease of parrots and related birds caused by the bacteriumChlamydia psittaci, that is communicable to human beings, in whom it produces high fever, severe headache, and symptoms similar to pneumonia. Also called parrot fever 鹦鹉热：一种由立克次氏体 病毒引起的鹦鹉和其它有关鸟类所患的一种传染病，可传染给人类，引发高烧，严重的头痛和与肺炎相近的一些症状 也作 parrot fever〔infectious〕Caused by a pathogenic microorganism or agent.传染病的：由致病微生物或媒介导致的〔pestiferous〕Producing or breeding infectious disease.传播疾病的，引起瘟疫的：产生或繁殖传染病的〔Blumberg〕American virologist. He shared a 1976 Nobel Prize for research on the origin and spread of infectious diseases.勃鲁姆勒格，布鲁克·塞缪尔：(生于 1925) 美国病毒学家。因对传染病的产生和散播的研究而获1976年的诺贝尔奖〔chickenpox〕An acute contagious disease, primarily of children, that is caused by the varicella-zoster virus and characterized by skin eruptions, slight fever, and malaise. Also called varicella 水痘：由水痘疱疹菌病毒感染引起的一种急性传染病，患者主要是儿童，症状为皮肤发疹、低烧以及浑身虚弱 也作 varicella〔xenodiagnosis〕Diagnosis of an infectious disease at an early stage by exposing a presumably infected individual or tissue to a clean, laboratory-bred mosquito, tick, or other vector and then examining the vector for the presence of the infective microorganism.异体接种诊断（法）：早期传染病的一种诊断方法，将假定的被感染的个体或组织暴露给清洁的、实验室饲养的蚊子、壁虱或其它带菌者，然后通过检查带菌者来确定传染性微生物是否出现〔chlamydia〕Any of several common, often asymptomatic, sexually transmitted diseases caused by the microorganismChlamydia trachomatis, including nonspecific urethritis in men. 衣原体疾病：一种由沙眼衣原体 微生物引起的一种常见的无症状性传染病，包括男子的非特异性尿道炎 |
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