| 单词 | 会产生 |
| 释义 | 〔retrovirus〕Any of a group of viruses, many of which produce tumors, that contain RNA and reverse transcriptase, including the virus that causes AIDS.逆转录酶病毒：一种病毒，大多数会产生含有核糖核酸和逆转录酶的肿瘤，包括引起爱滋病的病毒〔grayanotoxin〕A neurotoxin found in the nectar of certain species of rhododendron(Rhododendron spp.) and laurel (Kalmia spp.) and in unprocessed foods produced from the nectar, such as unpasteurized honey, and causing temporary effects such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and irregular heartbeat if ingested. 木藜芦毒素，灰安毒：在某些种类的杜鹃花（拉丁杜鹃花种） 及月桂花 （北美山桂属植物） 花蜜或是产自花蜜的未处理食物中发现的神经毒素，例如未经巴氏杀菌的蜂蜜，会产生暂时性的影响例如在摄取此类食物时会有恶心、呕吐、晕眩及不规则心悸等症状 〔megaspore〕The larger of two types of spores that give rise to a female gametophyte. Also called macrospore 大孢子：两种孢子中较大的一种，会产生雌性配子体 也作 macrospore〔participle〕The "dangling participle" is quite common in speech,where it often passes unremarked;but its use in writing can lead to unintentional absurdities,as in He went to watch his horse take a turn around the track carrying a copy of the breeders' guide under his arm. Even when the construction occasions no ambiguity,it is likely to distract the reader,who will ordinarily be operating on the assumption that a participle or other modifying phrase will be associated with the noun phrase that is immediately adjacent to it.Thus the sentenceTurning the corner, the view was quite different would be better rewritten as The view was quite different when we turned the corner or Turning the corner, we saw a different view. · A number of expressions originally derived from active participles are now well established as prepositions of a kind,and these may be used freely to introduce phrases that are not associated with the immediately adjacent noun phrase.Such expressions includeconcerning, considering, failing, granting, judging by, and speaking of. Thus one may writeSpeaking of politics, the elections have been postponed or Considering the hour, it is surprising that he arrived at all. “不连结分词”在口语中十分常见，只是常常被忽略；但它在书面中却会无意地导致语义模糊，如：他胳膊下夹着一本饲养员指南书去看他的马转过跑道的拐弯处。 即使这种结构不会产生语义不清，它也很可能迷惑读者，他们通常会假定分词或其它的修饰性短语会跟其紧接的名词性短语相联系。这样，最好把句子转弯后，景色大为不同 写成 我们一转弯就发现景色大为不同 或 转弯后我们看到景色大为不同。 · 一些最初由主动分词派生出来的表达方式现在已经作为某类介词而被固定下来，这些表达方式可以用来引入一些与紧接的名词短语没有联系的短语，这些表达方式包括concerning，considering，failing，granting，judging by 和 speaking of。 由此我们就可以这样写考虑到政治因素，将选举延期了 或 就时间来说，他在任何情况下到来都令人惊讶 〔tolerance〕Unresponsiveness to an antigen that normally produces an immunological reaction.免疫耐受性：对一般会产生免疫性反应的抗原不作任何反应〔uncontroversial〕Engendering no controversy.不会产生争议的〔compatible〕compatible blood.不会产生排斥的血〔laccolith〕A mass of igneous rock intruded between layers of sedimentary rock, resulting in uplift.岩盖：一种侵入沉积岩岩层之间的火成岩，它会产生隆起〔incompatible〕Producing an undesirable effect when used in combination with a particular substance:相克的; 相冲突的：在与某些特殊成分混合在一起使用时会产生不理想的效果的：〔predicament〕 Jam andfix both refer to trying predicaments from which disengagement presents a problem: Jam 和fix 都是指从其脱离会产生问题的难受处境： 〔iridium〕Latin īris īrid- [rainbow (from the colors produced by dissolving it in hydrochloric acid)] * see irido- 拉丁语 īris īrid- [彩虹（将铱溶解于盐酸时会产生彩虹般的颜色）] * 参见 irido-〔preposition〕The doctrine that a preposition may not be used to end a sentence was first promulgated by Dryden, probably on the basis of a specious analogy to Latin,and was subsequently refined by 18th-century grammarians.The rule has since become one of the most venerated maxims of schoolroom grammatical lore.But sentences ending with prepositions can be found in the works of most of the great writers since the Renaissance.In fact, English syntax allows and sometimes requires final placement of the preposition.Such placement is the only possible one in sentencessuch asWe have much to be thankful for or That depends on what you believe in. Efforts to rewrite such sentencesto place the preposition elsewhere will have comically stilted results;for example:We have much for which to be thankful or That depends on that in which you believe. · Even sticklers for the traditional rule can have no grounds for criticizing sentencessuch asI don't know where she will end up or It's the most curious book I've ever run across. In these examples,up and across are used as adverbs, not prepositions, as demonstrated by the ungrammaticality of sentencessuch asI don't know up where she will end and It's the most curious book across which I have ever run. 介词不能用来结束句子这一理论最先是由德莱顿可能基于与拉丁语的一个似是而非的类比而提出的，接着又由18世纪语法学家加以改善琢磨，从此这一规则便作为学校语法教育中神化般的至理名言，但是用介词结尾的句子可以在文艺复兴以来大多数名家的作品中找到，事实上，英语句法中有时允许，甚至要求把介词放在最后这种放置。只有在下列句子中才是唯一可能的：We have much to be thankful for 或 That depends on what you believe in 。 要改写这种句子，如把介词放在别处则会产生做作的滑稽效果；例如:We have much for which to be thankful 或 That depends on that in which you believe · 即使是那些拘泥于传统规则的人也找不出理由去批评这样的句子，如I don't know where she will end up 或 It's the most curious book I've ever run across 。 在这些例子中up 和 across 被用作副词， 而不是象以下句子中的违反语法现象所显示的那样是介词：如I don't know up where she will end 和 It's the most curious book across which I have ever run 〔obstacle〕"Tyranny may always enter—there is no charm, no bar against it—the only bar against it is a large resolute breed of men" (Walt Whitman). “暴政可能总会产生——没有咒语，没有障碍——唯一阻碍它的是一群勇敢的人” （瓦特·惠特曼）。 〔borrow〕To take an unnecessary action that will probably engender adverse effects.自找麻烦：采取一个可能会产生负面效果的不必要的行动〔acorn〕A thoughtful glance at the wordacorn might produce the surmise that it is made up of oak and corn, especially if we think ofcorn in its sense of "a kernel or seed of a plant,” as in peppercorn. The fact that others thought the word was so constituted partly accounts for the present formacorn. Here we see the workings of the process of linguistic change known as folk etymology,an alteration in form of a word or phrase so that it resembles a more familiar term mistakenly regarded as analogous.Acorn actually goes back to Old English æcern, "acorn,” which in turn goes back to the Indo-European root ōg-, meaning "fruit, berry.” 对acorn 稍加分析我们可能会产生这样的假设，它是由 oak 和 corn 两个词组成的， 特别是当我们想到corn 作为“植物的核或种子”的意思用时，如 胡椒粒。 有人认为这种组合方式就可解释现在acorn 这种形式。 在这我们就看到了语言学上被称为俗语源学的语言变化形式。一词或词组在形式上改变从而错误地被认为是类似性地代表另一个更为熟悉的词。Acorn 在古英语中实际上是 æcern， "acorn"的印欧语系中的词根是 og- ，意指“水果，浆果。” 〔Morris〕American political leader and diplomat who led the committee that produced the final draft of the U.S. Constitution (1787).莫里斯，古维尔纽尔：(1752-1816) 美国政治领导人和外交家，他领导的委员会产生了美国宪法的最后草案（1787年）〔literally〕The practice does not stem from a change in the meaning ofliterally itself—if it did, the word would long since have come to mean "virtually" or "figuratively"—but from a natural tendency to use the word as a general intensive meaning "without exaggeration,”as inThey had literally no help from the government on the project, where no contrast with the figurative sense of the words is intended.This looser use of the wordliterally does not usually create problems, but it can lead to an inadvertently comic effect when the word is used together with an idiomatic expression that has its source in a frozen figure of speech,such as inI literally died laughing. 这一用法并不根源于literally 本身意义的演变——如果是这样的话， 这个词早就会有“几乎”或“比喻地”的意思——而是来源于把这个词用作一个一般的加强词表示“毫不夸张”这样一个自然趋势，正如在事实上他们没有获得政府对这一计划的帮助 中， 并没有与句子的喻意形成任何对比。literally 的这一不精确的用法通常并不会产生什么问题， 但当它与一个源于固定修饰的俗语连用时，会偶尔产生喜剧性效果，如我真的笑死了 〔derris〕Any of various usually woody vines of the genusDerris of tropical Asia, whose roots yield the insecticide rotenone. 鱼藤属植物：一种热带亚洲的鱼藤属 的木本植物，其根会产生能杀死昆虫的鱼藤酮 〔too〕In these casesnot too adds a note of ironic understatement. · Negation oftoo by can't may sometimes lead to ambiguities, as inYou can't check your child's temperature too often, which may mean either that the temperature should be checked only occasionally or that it should be checked as frequently as possible. ·Too meaning "in addition" or "also" is sometimes used to introduce a sentence: 在这些情况下，not too 给句子加上了一个带讽刺意味的语气。 too 与 can't 一起用作否定时，有时会产生歧义， 例如在You can't check your child's temperature too often 这句话中， 可能意为“你只能偶尔给你孩子量量体温”或“你应该经常给你孩子量体温”。too 意为“另外”或“也，又”时， 有时可以用来引导一个句子： 〔didjeridoo〕A musical instrument of the Aboriginal peoples of Australia, consisting of a long hollow branch or stick that makes a deep drone when blown into.狄杰里多木号：澳大利亚原住民的一种乐器，由一条长的空心树枝或棒子构成，当吹入空气时会产生低音〔try〕The phrasetry and is commonly used as a substitute for try to, as inCould you try and make less noise? A number of grammarians have labeled the construction incorrect.To be sure, associated with informal style,the usage strikes an inappropriately conversational note in formal writing.In the most recent survey65 percent of the Usage Panel rejected the use in writing of the sentence try and 这一词组通常可用来替代 try to ， 如在你能试着少发出点噪音吗？ 中。 一些语法学家认为这一结构不正确。由于这一用法常用于非正式文体，一旦出现在正式文章中便会产生不相适宜的谈话式情调。在最近的调查中，65%的用法评审委员成员反对它被用于如下的句子： 〔cyclin〕A class of proteins that fluctuate in concentration at specific points during the cell cycle and that regulate the cycle by binding to a kinase.细胞周期调节蛋白：一种蛋白质，在细胞循环的特定点会产生浓度上的改变，也会借着结合激酶来调节循环 |
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