| 单词 | 事实 |
| 释义 | 〔dishonest〕Untruthful is a softer but closely related term;it suggests both lack of veracity and divergence from fact: Untruthful 是一个口气更温和而关系更密切的交情；该词既意味着缺乏真实，又意味着脱离事实： 〔fieldwork〕The collecting of sociological or anthropological data in the field.野外考察：野外社会学或人类学事实资料的收集〔historian〕"The historian, registering the facts beyond doubt, and in their context, cannot but also judge"(Robert Conquest)“历史学家记录那些不容置疑的事实，但对此也只能在具体情况下作出判断”(罗伯特·康奎斯特)〔input〕The nouninput has been used as a technical term for about a century in fields such as physics and electrical engineering, but its recent popularity grows out of its use in computer science,where it refers to data or signals entered into a system for processing or transmission.In general discourseinput is now widely used to refer to the transmission of information and opinion, as inThe report questioned whether a President thus shielded had access to a sufficiently varied input to have a realistic picture of the nation or The nominee herself had no input on housing policy. In this last sentence the meaning of the term is uncertain:it may mean either that the nominee provided no opinions to the policymakersor that she received no information about housing policy.This vagueness in the nontechnical use ofinput may be one reason that some critics have objected to it (including, in an earlier survey, a majority of the Usage Panel). Though the usage is well established,care should be taken not to use the word merely as a way of pretending to a scientific precision unwarranted by the facts of the case.名词input 作为一个专业名词在象物理和电子工程领域已经被用了大约一个世纪， 但是它在计算机科学上的最新流行超出了原来的用法，在计算机科学上它指输入系统进行运行或传送的信息和信号。总的来说，input 广泛地用来指信息和观点的传送， 就象在报告怀疑这样保护起来的总统是否能获得接近足够多样信息的机会，从而有一幅这个国家的现实图景 或 被提名人自己没有关于房产政策的任何信息 。 在后一句中单词的定义是不确定的：它既可以指被提名人未向决策者提供任何建议，也可以指她未收到任何有关房产政策的信息。这种模糊在input 的非专业用法中有可能是一些批评家反对它（在一个早期调查中，其中包括大部分用法专题小组成员）的一个原因。 尽管这种用法已完全确立，用这个词时也应谨慎，不能把这个词仅仅用来伪装一种科学的精确性，而在这样的情况下，如此的精确性是不被事实所证明的〔unchallengeable〕unchallengeable facts; an unchallengeable legal position.无可争议的事实；无可争议的合法地位〔unvarnished〕the unvarnished truth.未经掩饰的事实〔victory〕These nouns denote the fact of winning or the state of having won in a war, struggle, or competition.这些名词包含了获胜的事实或者在战争、斗争或竞争中取得胜利。〔disclosure〕Something uncovered; a revelation.被揭露的事实；暴露〔testimony〕Evidence in support of a fact or an assertion; proof.证据：支持一个事实或假想的证据；证据〔plausible〕Giving a deceptive impression of truth, acceptability, or reliability; specious:花言巧语的：产生事实、可接受性或可信赖性的欺骗印象的；华而不实的：〔semblance〕"Foolish men mistake transitory semblance for eternal fact"(Thomas Carlyle)“愚蠢的人误以为暂时的表象是永恒的事实”(托马斯·卡莱尔)〔relevant〕"He's a serious student of the issues, always inquisitive about the facts, and aggressive in their pursuit. . . . he asks questions that are germane and central to the issue" (Marlin Fitzwater).Somethingmaterial is not only relevant but also crucial to a matter: “他是一个对待问题认真的学生，经常渴求得到事实，积极进取…他提出与这个问题紧密相关的中心问题” （马林·费茨沃特）。Material 形容不仅与某事务有关， 而且对其是关键性的事务： 〔pinch〕The act or an instance of pinching.捏，拧：捏、拧等动作或事实〔undeniable〕undeniable facts.无可辩驳的事实〔gossip〕A person who habitually spreads intimate or private rumors or facts.爱讲闲话的人，三姑六婆：经常传播他人暧昧关系或隐私的谣言或事实的人〔justice〕Conformity to truth, fact, or sound reason:合法性，合理：与真相、事实、或正当理由的相符合性：〔authentic〕Conforming to fact and therefore worthy of trust, reliance, or belief:真实的：与事实相符并且值得相信、信赖的：〔authorship〕The act, fact, or occupation of writing.作家职业，写作活动，著述，创作：指写作的行为、事实或职业〔alibi〕The fact of having been elsewhere when a crime in question was committed.不在犯罪现场的证明：当罪案发生之时在其它地方的事实〔edit〕An act or instance of editing:编辑：编辑行为或事实：〔distinction〕The condition or fact of being dissimilar or distinct; difference:差别，不同：不相似或不同的条件或事实；相异：〔wetback〕[From the fact that the Rio Grande is a common entry point] [来源于格兰德河为通常的入口地点这个事实] 〔testimonial〕A statement in support of a particular truth, fact, or claim.证据：支持某一特定真理、事实或主张的陈述〔normality〕The state or fact of being normal; normalcy.常态：正常的状态或事实；常态〔admission〕A fact or statement granted or admitted; a concession.坦白：被认可或被许可的事实或陈述；坦白〔factualism〕Devotion or adherence to fact.现实主义：信奉事实或坚持立足于事实〔alleged〕Represented as existing or as being as described but not so proved; supposed.被说成的，被断言的：被描述为存在，或被说成是事实但并未得到证实的；假定的〔honest〕Characterized by truth; not false:真正：以事实为特点的，真的：〔certifiable〕a certifiable fact; certifiable data.可证实的事实；可保证的数据〔understand〕To accept (something) as an agreed fact:认为理所当然，不言而喻：作为同意的事实接受（某事）：〔confirm〕The witness is expected to corroborate the plaintiff's testimony. Tosubstantiate is to establish something by presenting substantial or tangible evidence: 希望证人能够确证原告的口供。 至于substantiate 是用实质性的可触摸到的事实来确定某事： 〔alumnus〕The fact that the pluralalumni of the masculine alumnus differs from the plural alumnae of the feminine alumna has created a certain amount of awkwardness with the advent of coeducational institutions.Most commonly,alumni is used for graduates of both sexes. But those who object to the choice of masculine forms in such cases may prefer the phrasealumni and alumnae or the form alumnae/i ; this is the choice, for example, of many women's colleges that have begun to admit men.alumni， 作为男校友 alumnus 的复数形式与 alumnae， 女校友 alumna 的复数形式两者不同的事实， 随着共同教育学院的出现而造成了许多麻烦。通常，alumni 用来指男女毕业生。 但那些反对选择阳性词的人可能会赞同使用词组alumniandalumnae 或者 alumnae/i 这种形式； 如很多已经开始招收男生的女子学院就选择了这种形式〔fidelity〕Exact correspondence with fact or with a given quality, condition, or event; accuracy.逼真：与事实或给定的性质、状态或事件完全一致；逼真〔failure〕The condition or fact of being insufficient or falling short:不足：不足或变得不足的状况或事实：〔skinny〕Inside information; the real facts:真相：内部消息；真正的事实：〔confirm〕These verbs all mean to affirm the truth, accuracy, or genuineness of something.这些动词都表示确认事实、精确性或事件的真实性。〔name〕Representation or repute, as opposed to reality:名义，代表：名义或名誉，与事实相反的：〔filiation〕The condition or fact of being the child of a certain parent.子女对父母的关系：是某父母的孩子的状况或事实〔tweed〕Calling the wordtweed an alteration of the form tweel obscures the fact that in this case, as in many others,human error has helped create a word.Tweed is indeed possibly the result of a misreading of tweel, an originally Scots form of twill. Tweed also could be a misreading of an abbreviated form oftweeled, a form of twilled. Association withTweed, the name of the river that is part of the border between England and Scotland, helped support the misreading,which was originally a trade name.The word is said to have first been used around 1831,but it is not recorded until 1847.Thus had it not been for the misreading,the tweedy look might have been the tweely look or the tweeledy look.把tweed 这个词当作 tweel 的一种变体形式掩盖了一个事实， 即和其它很多情况一样，这种情况使人类的错误创造了一个新词。Tweed 实际上很可能是 tweel 这一最早是 twill的苏格兰形式的误读造成的结果。 Tweed 也可能是派生词tweeled ，即 twilled 的另一种形式的误读。 与Tweed （特威德，英格兰和苏格兰边界上一条河的名字）相关联， 也促成了这种误读的形成。它最初是一个行业的名字。据说这个词最早应用于1831年，但直到1847年才有书面记录。因此，如果没有这种误读，衣着随便的样子就可能成了矫情的样子或斜纹毛呢装扮〔deconstruction〕A philosophical movement and theory of literary criticism that questions traditional assumptions about certainty, identity, and truth, asserts that words can only refer to other words, and attempts to demonstrate how statements about any text subvert their own meanings:解构，拆析：哲学运动和文学评论理论对传统的关于事实、象征和真理的设想提出疑问，断言词组只能指代其它词组，并试图表明文本的表述是如何推翻它本身的意义的： |
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