| 单词 | 不朽 |
| 释义 | 〔eternize〕from Old French eterne [eternal] * see eterne 源自 古法语 eterne [永恒，不朽] * 参见 eterne〔talkative〕"Was I too glib about eternal things?” (Theodore Roethke). “难道我对不朽事物太过于油嘴滑舌？ （西奥多·罗特克）〔immortal〕Never to be forgotten; everlasting:永恒的，不朽的：不会被遗忘的；不朽的：〔internalize〕"Protean man internalizes the longing for immortality through an ongoing process of death and rebirth within himself"(Henry S. Resnik)“多才多艺的人通过自己内心死亡和再生的持续过程将对不朽的渴望藏在心底”(亨利S.雷斯尼克)〔synonymous〕"a widespread impression that . . . Hollywood was synonymous with immorality"(Doris Kearns Goodwin)“普遍的印象是…好莱坞是不朽的同义词”(多丽丝·克恩斯·古德温)〔sempiternal〕Enduring forever; eternal.See Synonyms at infinite 永恒的：永远不朽的；永恒的 参见 infinite〔eternal〕Forever true or changeless:不朽的：永远真实的或始终不变的：〔wonder〕Often Wonder A monumental human creation regarded with awe, especially one of seven monuments of the ancient world that appeared on various lists of late antiquity. 常作 Wonder 奇观：以敬畏看待的不朽的人类创造，尤指列于近古各种表中的古代世界七大奇观之一〔eternity〕The state or quality of being eternal.不朽：永恒的状态或性质〔method〕"It is absurd to think that the only way to tell if a poem is lasting is to wait and see if it lasts" (Robert Frost). “知道一首诗是否不朽的唯一方法是等着看看它是否不朽，这简直荒谬可笑” （罗伯特·弗罗斯特）。 〔immortal〕Of or relating to immortality.不朽的，永世的：属于或关于不朽的〔immortality〕The quality or condition of being immortal.不朽：不朽的状态或性质〔undying〕Endless; everlasting; immortal:不朽的；永恒的；不死的：〔up〕"She upped and perjured her immortal soul"(Margery Allingham)“她突然起来为自己辩护，企图用做伪证来证明她的灵魂是不朽的。”(玛芝莉·阿林厄姆)〔monumental〕Impressively large, sturdy, and enduring.巨大的、坚硬的和不朽的〔Kahn〕Estonian-born American architect whose bold, monumental designs include the Yale University Art Gallery (1954).卡恩，路易斯·伊莎多尔：(1901-1974) 爱沙尼亚裔美国建筑师，他的富于想象力的、不朽的设计，包括耶鲁大学的艺术馆（1954年）〔who〕The traditional rules that determine the use ofwho and whom are relatively simple: who is used for a grammatical subject, where a nominative pronoun such as I or he would be appropriate, andwhom is used elsewhere. Thus, we writeThe actor who played Hamlet was there, sincewho stands for the subject of played Hamlet; andWho do you think is the best candidate? where who stands for the subject of is the best candidate. But we writeTo whom did you give the letter? sincewhom is the object of the preposition to; andThe man whom the papers criticized did not show up, sincewhom is the object of the verb criticized. ? Considerable effort and attention are required to apply the rules correctly in complicated sentences.To produce correctly a sentence such asI met the man whom the government had tried to get France to extradite, we must anticipate when we writewhom that it will function as the object of the verb extradite, several clauses distant from it.It is thus not surprising that writers from Shakespeare onward should often have interchangedwho and whom. And though the distinction shows no signs of disappearing in formal style,strict adherence to the rules in informal discourse might be taken as evidence that the speaker or writer is paying undue attention to the form of what is said, possibly at the expense of its substance.In speech and informal writingwho tends to predominate over whom; a sentence such asWho did John say he was going to support? will be regarded as quite natural, if strictly incorrect. By contrast, the use ofwhom where who would be required, as inWhom shall I say is calling? may be thought to betray a certain linguistic insecurity. ? When the relative pronoun stands for the object of a preposition that ends a sentence,whom is technically the correct form: the strict grammarian will insist onWhom (not who ) did you give it to? But grammarians since Noah Webster have argued that the excessive formality ofwhom in these cases is at odds with the relative informality associated with the practice of placing the preposition in final position and that the use of who in these cases should be regarded as entirely acceptable. ? The relative pronounwho may be used in restrictive relative clauses, in which case it is not preceded by a comma, or in nonrestrictive clauses, in which case a comma is required.Thus, we may say eitherThe scientist who discovers a cure for cancer will be immortalized, where the clausewho discovers a cure for cancer indicates which scientist will be immortalized, orThe mathematician over there, who solved the four-color theorem, is widely known, where the clausewho solved the four-color theorem adds information about a person already identified by the phrase the mathematician over there. ? Some grammarians have argued that onlywho and not that should be used to introduce a restrictive relative clause that identifies a person. This restriction has no basis either in logic or in the usage of the best writers;it is entirely acceptable to write eitherthe man that wanted to talk to you or the man who wanted to talk to you. ? The grammatical rules governing the use ofwho and whom apply equally to whoever and whomever. See Usage Note at else ,that ,whose 确定用法的传统规则who 和 whom 相对简单： who 语法上用作主语，同 I 或 he 等主格代词的位置相同， 而whom 用于别处。 这样，我们写The actor who played Hamlet was there （演哈姆雷特的演员在那边）， 因此who 代表的是 played Hamlet 的主语。 在句子Who do you think is the best candidate? （你认为谁是最好的候选人?）中 who 代表 is the best candidate 的主语。 但是我们说To whom did you give the letter? （你把信给谁了?）， 因为whom 是介词 to 的宾语； 在句子The man whom the papers criticized did not show up, （报纸上批评的那个人没有来）， 因为whom 是动词 criticized 的宾语 。在复杂的句子里，正确应用这些规则需要相当的努力和注意。正确地造出如I met the man whom the government had tried to get France to extradite （我遇到了政府曾努力让法国引渡的那个人）这样的句子， 在写whom 之前我们必须预知它将作动词 extradite 的宾语， 尽管两个词离得很远。这也就难怪自莎士比亚以来的作家经常把who 和 whom 交换使用了。 尽管在正式文体中两者区别仍然存在，但如果在非正式的交谈中严格地遵守这些规则会被认为说话者或作者可能不顾内容而过分注视说话的形式。在口语和非正式书面语中，who 趋向于代替 whom; 人们会认为象Who did John say he was going to support? （约翰说他将支持谁?）这样句子很自然，尽管严格来说它是不正确的。 相反，在应该用who 的地方用 whom 则显出一种语言上的不稳定， 如Whom shall I say is calling? （我说是谁在打电话?）。 当关系代词替代句尾的介词宾语时，whom 在理论上是正确的形势： 严格的语法坚持Whom （而不是 who ) did you give it to?（你把它给谁了？） 但从诺·韦伯斯特以来的语法学家认为whom 在这种情况下过分正式，而把介词放在句尾相对来说又不正式，这就有了矛盾，所以在这种情况下用 who 完全可以接受。 关系代词who 可以用在限定关系从句中，前面不要加逗号， 也可用在非限定关系从句中，则需要加逗号。所以我们既可以说The scientist who discovers a cure for cancer will be immortalized （发现治愈癌症的方法的科学家将会因此而不朽）， 在此处从句who discovers a cure for cancer 指这样的科学家将会不朽， 也可以说The mathematician over there, who solved the four-color theorem, is widely known （在那边的数学家非常出名，他解决了四色定理）， 从句who solved the four-color theorem 给已经由短语 the mathematician over there 确定了的人增加了一些有关他的信息。 有些语法学家认为只有who 而不是 that 可以连接表示人的限定性关系从句。 这种限制在逻辑上没有根据，在最优秀作家的用法中也未有根据；无论说the man that wanted to talk to you （想要跟你说话的那个人）或 the man who wanted to talk to you 都是完全可以接受的。 有关who 和 whom 的语法规则同样适用于 whoever 和 whomever 参见 else,that,whose〔Gide〕French writer noted for his diaries and novels, such asThe Immoralist (1902) and Lafcadio's Adventures (1914), which examine alienation and the drive for individuality in an often disapproving society. He won the 1947 Nobel Prize for literature. 纪德，安德鲁：(1869-1951) 法国作家，以其日记和小说闻名，如《不朽》 （1902年）和 《拉夫卡迪奥历险记》 （1914年），这些作品是对这个通常不令人满意的社会中的人与人之间的疏远和工作上的压力的一种审视。他获得1947年的诺贝尔文学奖 〔Young〕English poet known for his dramatic monologueNight Thoughts on Life, Death, and Immortality (1742-1745). 扬，爱德华：(1683-1765) 英国诗人，以其戏剧性的独白《关于生命、死亡和不朽的夜思》 而闻名(1742-1745年） 〔attribute〕"Some excellent remarks were made on immortality, but mainly borrowed from and credited to Plato" (Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.). “一些优秀的言论是不朽的，但主要从柏拉图处借用并归功于他” （奥立佛·温德尔·霍姆斯爵士）。 |
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