| 单词 | 不幸 |
| 释义 | 〔pity〕"They had little sympathy to spare for their unfortunate enemies" (William Hickling Prescott).“他们一点也不同情他们不幸的敌人” （威廉·希克林·普莱斯哥特）。〔pity〕These nouns signify sympathetic, kindly concern aroused by the misfortune, affliction, or suffering of another.这些名词都表示对别人的不幸、痛苦或困难表示同情或善意的关注。〔soup〕A chaotic or unfortunate situation.困境：混乱或者不幸的处境〔deuce〕had a deuce of a time getting out of town; a deuce of a family row.离开城镇过了段倒霉的日子；家庭口角的不幸〔solace〕Comfort in sorrow, misfortune, or distress; consolation.安慰：悲伤、不幸或苦恼时的慰藉；安慰〔suffer〕To tolerate or endure evil, injury, pain, or death.See Synonyms at bear 1受苦，受害：忍受或容忍不幸、伤害、痛苦或死亡 参见 bear1〔amiss〕In an improper, defective, unfortunate, or mistaken way.错误地，不正确地：反常地、有缺陷地、不幸地或错误地〔come〕To return to or regain past success after a period of misfortune.东山再起：在一段不幸之后回到或再获得过去的成功〔woe〕Deep distress or misery, as from grief; wretchedness.See Synonyms at regret 悲惨或悲哀：深深的痛苦或苦恼，如因悲伤；不幸 参见 regret〔gift〕Gift has a long history of use as a verb meaning "to present as a gift; endow.” The practice appears to provide a useful distinction,in as much as the verbgive can sometimes be ambiguous between "to transfer physical possession" and "to transfer ownership"; and in fact a verb analogous togift is found in a number of other languages (for example, Italianregalare, "to give as a gift,” from regalo, "gift, present"). Unfortunately the verbal use ofgift in Modern English is irredeemably tainted (as is its derivative giftable ) by its association with the language of advertising and publicity (as in Gift her with this copper warming plate ). In an earlier surveythe usage was rejected by a large majority of the Usage Panel.Where clarity is required, substitutessuch asgive as a gift, bestow, or donate are recommended. · The phrasefree gift should, of course, be considered redundant. But the increasing currency of its use is indicative mainly of the degree to which the wordgift itself has been expropriated by advertisers to refer to merchandise offerings to which an obligation is attached—if not a direct price, then taking a test drive,sitting through a sales pitch, or enrolling in a book club.It is perhaps to this use ofgift, rather than to the redundancy free gift, that critics ought most strenuously to object. Gift 作动词意为“赠送礼物，赠予”的用法已有很长的历史了， 这种惯用法的出现提供了有用的区分，因为作为动词give 可能有时会在“传递有形财产“和”传递所有权“之间有模棱两可的意思； 但事实上类似于gift 的词是在其它语言上建立起来的 （如意大利语的regalare “作为礼物给予”来自于 regalo “礼物，礼品”）。 不幸的是gift 在现代英语中动词性质的用法由于广告语言和公众语言的联系而不可挽回地被污染了（如它的派生词 giftable ）（又如在 给她这个铜暖盘作为礼物 ）。 在较早的一个调查中，这种用法被大部分的用法专题使用小组的成员所反对。为了在此处的用法更清晰的一些替代词，如give as a gift, bestow 或 donate 被采纳了。 词组free gift 自然是应该被认为是多余的， 但是这种用法的迅速使用主要表示了gift 这个词被广告商所侵用而用来指提供商品优惠是一种附加的义务——如果不是直接的价格， 那么就参加一次竞赛活动，等待商品广告宣传或在一个读书俱乐部中报名登记。也许gift 的这种用法应该比冗余的 free gift 更为批评家所坚决反对 〔evil〕That which causes harm, misfortune, or destruction:坏事，恶行：引发伤害、不幸或毁坏的事件和行为：〔passive〕"And the rest of us, we passives of the world, proceeded . . . as if nothing untoward had happened"(Martin Gottfried)“而我们其余的人，这个世界的屈服者，继续生活着…就好象没有任何不幸的事发生”(马丁·哥特弗莱德)〔calamity〕Dire distress resulting from loss or tragedy.不幸：由于损失或不幸而导致的极度痛苦〔apprehension〕"The second half of the book builds a steadily escalating sense of foreboding" (Sven Birkerts).“这本书的后半部分建立了一种逐渐增强的不幸的预感" （斯文·伯基特）。〔lamentable〕Inspiring or deserving of lament or regret; deplorable or pitiable.See Synonyms at pathetic 不幸的：引发或值得哀痛或后悔的；悲惨的或可悲的 参见 pathetic〔wretched〕In a deplorable state of distress or misfortune; miserable:不幸的，悲惨的：因受压抑或遭遇不幸而处于情绪低沉状态中；不幸的：〔smog〕Smog is so much a part of modern, industrialized lifethat it is difficult to realize that at one time neither smog nor the word for it existed.The word, of course, followed the phenomenon perhaps by half a century,for air pollution was noticed during the Industrial Revolution.The wordsmog is first recorded in 1905 in a newspaper report of a meeting of the Public Health Congress. Dr. H.A. des V÷ux gave a paper entitled "Fog and Smoke,” in which,in the words of theDaily Graphic of July 26, "he said it required no science to see that there was something produced in great cities which was not found in the country, and that was smoky fog, or what was known as ‘smog.’”The next day theGlobe remarked that "Dr. des V÷ux did a public service in coining a new word for the London fog.”Since Dr. des V÷ux's creation of this blend, much more has been learned about the composition of smog;unfortunately, it is still with us.烟雾污染已成为现代工业生活中如此大的一部分，以至有一段时间人们难以认识烟雾污染以及表达其存在的烟雾污染这个词。不言而喻，这个词是在这种现象产生半个世纪以后才出现的，因为空气污染是在工业革命期间才被发现。Smog 这个词的第一次使用记录出现在1905年关于公共健康委员会一次会议的新闻报导中， H·A·德佛博士当时上交了一份题为《雾和烟》的论文，按照7月26日每日画报 的说法， 在这篇论文中，“他认为不必借助科学，人们就会发现一种只存在于大城市而乡村没有的东西，那就是含烟的雾，或者叫做烟雾”。第二天的环球报 评论说： "H·A·德佛博士关于伦敦大雾所创造的新词是对公众的一个贡献”。自从H·A·德佛博士用混合的方法创造这个词开始，人们对烟雾的结构做了仔细的研究；但不幸的是，它至今还存在着〔bewail〕To express sorrow or unhappiness over:表示悲伤或不幸：〔regret〕 Woe is intense, often prolonged wretchedness or misery: Woe 是剧烈、经常是漫长的不幸或悲惨： 〔tirade〕probably back-formation from martirant [present participle of] martirer [to torture] influenced by mar [to one's misfortune,] tiranz [executioner, tyrant] 可能源自 martirant的逆成词 martirer的现在分词 [折磨] 受 mar的影响 [不幸地] tiranz [死刑执行者，暴君] 〔woebegone〕wo [woe] * see woe wo [痛苦，不幸] * 参见 woe〔barghest〕A goblin in English folklore, often appearing in the shape of a large dog and believed to portend imminent death or misfortune.猛犬山妖：英国民间传说中的鬼怪，常以一只大狗的形象出现并被相信可预告临近的死亡或不幸〔periapt〕A charm worn as protection against mischief and disease; an amulet.护身符：带在身上用来避免不幸或疾病的护身符；护身符〔vile〕Miserably poor and degrading; wretched:可怜的，不幸的：非常穷困的和衰落的；不幸的：〔pity〕Sympathy and sorrow aroused by the misfortune or suffering of another.同情，怜悯：对他人所受的不幸或遭遇产生的同情和悲哀〔unfortunate〕an unlucky accident. fortunate 一个不幸的事故 fortunate〔visitation〕A calamitous event or experience; a grave misfortune.See Synonyms at trial 苦难：灾难性的事件或经历；重大的不幸 参见 trial〔strait〕A position of difficulty, perplexity, distress, or need. Often used in the plural:困境：困难、困惑、不幸或贫穷的境地，常用复数：〔hapless〕Luckless; unfortunate.See Synonyms at unfortunate 运气不好的；不幸的 参见 unfortunate〔worth〕"Howl ye, Woe worth the day!”(Ezekiel 30:2)“你大声地喊吧，不幸今天就在降临了!”(以西结30:2)〔harass〕"Of all the griefs that harass the distress'd" (Samuel Johnson). “不幸的人们被悲伤困扰” （塞缪尔·约翰逊）。 〔nebbish〕Yiddish nebekh [poor, unfortunate] 意第绪语 nebekh [贫穷的，不幸的] 〔plight〕A situation, especially a bad or unfortunate one.See Synonyms at predicament 境况，困境：一种情况，尤指坏的或不幸的境况 参见 predicament〔unfortunate〕Characterized by undeserved bad luck; unlucky.不幸的，倒霉的：不应得的坏运气为特征的；不幸的〔burden〕indebtedness that is an affliction;一种不幸的负债；〔fear〕Old Englishfǣr, the ancestor of our word fear, meant "calamity, disaster,”but not the emotion engendered by such an event.This is in line with the meaning of the prehistoric Common Germanic word.fēraz, "danger,” which is the source of words with similar senses in other Germanic languages,such as Old Saxon and Old High Germanfār, "ambush, danger,” and Old Icelandic fār, "treachery, damage.” Scholars, in fact, have determined the form and meaning of Germanic.fēraz by working backward from the forms and the meanings of its descendants. The most important cause of the change of meaning in the wordfear was probably the existence in Old English of the related verb fǣran, which meant "to terrify, take by surprise.” Fear is first recorded in Middle English with the sense "emotion of fear" in a work composed around 1290.古英语f?r 是 fear 的前身， 意为“不幸，灾难”，而不是因不幸或灾难引起的情绪。这符合史前普通日耳曼词feraz 的意思“危险的”， 是其他日耳曼语言中有相近意思的词的起源，如古撒克逊语和古高地德语far， “埋伏，危险，”和古冰岛语 far “挖掘，破坏”。 事实上，学者们已经通过对它的衍生词的形式和意思的反向研究决定德语feraz 的形式和意思。 引起词语fear 变化的最重要原因可能是古英语中相关动词 f?ran的存在， 意为“害怕，被惊奇抓住。” Fear 第一次在中世纪英语作为“害怕的情绪”被记录下来是在一部约1290年左右创作的作品中〔disastrous〕Accompanied by or causing distress or disaster; calamitous.灾难性的，造成灾难的：由灾难或不幸带来的，引起灾难或不幸的；不幸的〔sorrow〕A source or cause of sorrow; a misfortune.伤心事，悲伤的原因：悲伤的源头或原因；不幸的事〔silly〕Middle English seli, silli [blessed, innocent, hapless] 中古英语 seli, silli [受到保佑的，天真的，不幸的] 〔mishap〕An unfortunate accident.See Synonyms at misfortune 倒霉事：不幸的事件 参见 misfortune |
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