| 单词 | 不少 |
| 释义 | 〔Hammerstein〕German-born American operatic manager who founded opera houses in Harlem (1888) and Manhattan (1906). His grandsonOscar Hammerstein II (1895-1960), a lyricist, collaborated on many musicals and is best known for his efforts with Richard Rodgers, such as Oklahoma! (1943) and The Sound of Music (1959). 哈默斯坦，奥斯卡：(1846?-1919) 德国出生的美国剧院经理，于1888年在哈莱姆，1906年在曼哈顿创办了歌剧院。他的孙子奥斯卡·哈默斯坦II (1895-1960年）是一位抒情诗人，与人合作创作了不少音乐剧，其中以他与理查·罗杰斯的合作最为有名，作品如 《俄克拉荷马州》 （1943年）及 《音乐之声》 （1959年） 〔Mapplethorpe〕American artist whose controversial single-image black-and-white photographs often depict flowers, the human nude, and male homoeroticism.梅普尔索普，罗伯特：(1946-1989) 美国艺术家，他拍有不少有争议的单一影象的黑白照片，照片主要描写花朵、裸体和男子同性恋〔blatant〕"There are those who find the trombones blatant and the triangle silly, but both add effective color"(Musical Heritage Review)See Synonyms at vociferous “有人觉得长号太吵，而三角铁挺傻，但这两样都增色不少”(音乐精品回顾) 参见 vociferous〔Shostakovich〕Russian composer. Considered among the greatest composers of the 20th century, he is particularly known for his 15 symphonies and also wrote chamber music, concertos, operas, and ballets.肖斯塔科维奇，迪米特里：(1906-1975) 俄国作曲家，他被认为是20世纪最伟大的作曲家，特别以他的15部交响曲而闻名，他写了不少室内乐、协奏曲、歌剧和芭蕾作品〔effort〕 Effort applies to an attempt, great or small, to do something;where it is not qualified, the term usually implies a substantial expenditure of time, strength, or faculties: Effort 指或大或小的尝试来做某事，没有其它限定词时，常表示花了不少时间、精力或人力： 〔front〕To provide an apparently respectable cover for secret or illegal activities:袒护，掩饰：给阴谋或不法活动以明显不少的庇护：〔Patagonia〕A tableland region of South America in southern Argentina and Chile extending from the Río Colorado to the Straits of Magellan and from the Andes to the Atlantic Ocean. The study of its original inhabitants, the Tehuelche ("the Patagonian giants"), and its unusual wildlife have attracted many scientific expeditions, including that of Charles Darwin (1831-1836).巴塔哥尼亚高原：南美洲阿根廷南部和智利间的一高原，从里奥科罗拉多一直延伸到麦哲伦海峡，从安第斯山脉一直延伸到大西洋。因对当地土著居民特维尔彻人（巴塔哥尼亚高原巨人）和奇异的野生动物的研究，吸引了不少科学探险队，其中包括查尔斯·达尔文(1831-1836年）〔morbid〕"He suffered much from a morbid acuteness of the senses"(Edgar Allan Poe)“他由于异常的神经过敏而吃了不少苦头”(埃德加·艾伦·波)〔doubt〕Sue has studied so much philosophy this year今年苏钻研哲学下了不少功夫，〔edge〕The brisk walk gave an edge to my appetite.轻松的散步使我的食欲增加不少〔circus〕The modern circus owes its name but fortunatelynot its regular program of events to the amusement of ancient times.The Latin wordcircus, which comes from the Greek word kirkos, "circle, ring,” referred to a circular or oval area enclosed by rows of seats for spectators.In the center ring, so to speak, was held a variety of events,including chariot races and gladiatorial combats, spectacles in which bloodshed and brutality were not uncommon.The first use ofcircus recorded in English, in a work by Chaucer written around 1380,probably refers to the Circus Maximus in Rome.Our modern circus, which dates to the end of the 18th century,was originally an equestrian spectacle as well,but the trick riders were soon joined in the ring by such performers as ropedancers, acrobats, and jugglers.Even though the circular shape of the arena and the equestrian nature of some of the performances are carried over from its Roman namesake,the modern circus, despite occasional accidental violence,has little connection with its brutal namesake of long ago.现代马戏团应把它的名称归因于古时候的娱乐，值得庆幸地不是归因于它的固定节目。拉丁文的circus 源于希腊文 kirkos “圆，环”， 指被容纳观众的座位围起的圆形或椭圆形场地。在称之为中央环地的场地中举行多种表演，包括战车赛跑和角斗，屠杀和残暴的景象并不少见。英语中记录的circus 的最早使用， 是在乔叟写于大约1380年的一本著作里，可能意指罗马的大竞技场。现代马戏团可追溯到18世纪末，最初也是马术表演，但走钢丝演员、高空杂技演员和杂耍演员很快在圆形场地中加入特技骑手的行列。尽管马戏场地的圆形形状和一些表演的马术实质是由罗马的同名物得到的，现代马戏团，尽管偶尔出现意外的暴力，与它久远以前残暴的同名物几乎没有关联〔add〕This movie adds up to a lot of tears.这部电影赚了不少眼泪〔take〕It takes money to live in that town.要住那城市得花费不少〔psylla〕Any of various jumping plant lice of the family Psyllidae, especially of the genusPsylla, which includes several species that infest fruit trees. 木虱：一种木虱科植物跳虱，尤指属于跳虱属 的木虱，有不少品种是侵害果树的 〔iconoclast〕An iconoclast can be unpleasant company,but at least the modern iconoclast only attacks such things as ideas and institutions.The original iconoclasts destroyed countless works of art.Eikonoklastēs, the ancestor of our word, was first formed in Medieval Greek from the elements eikōn, "image, likeness,” and -klastēs, "breaker,” fromklan, "to break.” The images referred to by the word are religious images,which were the subject of controversy among Christians of the Byzantine Empire in the 8th and 9th centuries, when iconoclasm was at its height.Those who opposed images did not, of course, simply destroy them, although many were demolished;they also attempted to have the images barred from display and veneration.During the Protestant Reformationimages in churches were again felt to be idolatrous and were once more banned and destroyed.It is around this time thaticonoclast, the descendant of the Greek word, is first recorded in English (1641), with reference to the Greek iconoclasts.In the 19th centuryiconoclast took on the secular sense that it has today, as in "Kant was the great iconoclast" (James Martineau).亵渎偶像者可能令人生厌，但至少现代的偶像毁坏者只是攻击思想和制度这类东西。最初的偶像破坏者却毁掉了无数的艺术作品。Eikonoklastes 最早见于中世纪希腊语，是我们现代词的前身，由 eikon 意为“图象，相象”和 -klastes 意为“毁坏者”组成， 它又来源于klan “打碎”的意思。 此词所说的肖像是指宗教的肖像，8至9世纪当毁坏偶像主义在拜占庭帝国盛行时，宗教偶像成为基督教徒中争执的焦点。反对宗教肖像的人尽管销毁了不少画像，但这并不是他们唯一的形式，他们也试图禁止偶像展览和偶像崇拜。在新教改革时期，教堂里的宗教画像再次被认为是盲目崇拜而遭到禁止和毁灭。正是在这一时期iconoclast 一词开始作为希腊语的衍生词在英语中出现， 第一次记录于1641年。到19世纪，iconoclast 一词开始有了现代的含意， 比如在“康德是一位伟大的传统叛逆者”（詹姆士·马提诺） |
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