| 单词 | 一个组 |
| 释义 | 〔liaison〕An instance or a means of communication between different groups or units of an organization, especially in the armed forces.联络：一个组织中的不同小组或单位之间相互联系的手段或方法，尤指在武装部队中〔national〕Of, relating to, or belonging to a nation as an organized whole: 全国性的：作为一个组织的整个属于或关于某一个国家的：〔shield〕A decorative emblem that often serves to identify an organization or a government.徽章：一种通常用来表明一个组织或政府机关身份的装饰性标志〔government〕Management or administration of an organization, a business, or an institution.管理，行政：一个组织、公司或学院的管理〔excommunicate〕To exclude by or as if by decree from membership or participation in a group.把…逐出：被法令或好象被法令拒绝享有一个组织的会员资格或加入组织〔constituency〕A group served by an organization or institution; a clientele:主顾：一个组织或机构所服务的对象群体；顾客：〔load〕The share of work allocated to or required of a person, a machine, a group, or an organization.工作负荷量：分配给一个人、一台机器，一组或一个组织的工作量〔institutionalize〕To make part of a structured and usually well-established system:使机构化：使成为一个组织的,通常确立很好的系统的一部分：〔include〕To consider with or place into a group, class, or total:放入，算进去：纳入或包括进一个组织、阶层或整体：〔restructure〕To make a basic change in (an organization or a system, for example).重建，调整：进行基本变革（例如在一个组织或系统中）〔infrastructure〕An underlying base or foundation especially for an organization or a system.基础：基础或根基，尤指一个组织或系统的〔membership〕an organization with a growing membership.成员越来越多的一个组织〔seat〕Membership in an organization, such as a legislative body or stock exchange, that is obtained by appointment, election, or purchase.会员资格：一个组织如立法团体或证券交易所的会员资格，这种资格是通过任命、选举或购买而获得的〔voluntarism〕The use of or reliance on voluntary action to maintain an institution, carry out a policy, or achieve an end.自愿捐助主义：用或依赖自愿行动来支持一个组织、推行一个政策或达到一个目的〔tap〕To select, as for membership in an organization; designate.See Synonyms at appoint 选择，筛选：挑选，如为使之成为一个组织的成员；指定 参见 appoint〔personnel〕An administrative division of an organization concerned with the body of persons employed by or active in it and often acting as a liaison between different departments.人事部门：一个组织的行政部门，与全体雇佣者或从事这项工作的人有关，并且经常作为两个不同部门之间的联络人而活动〔secede〕To withdraw formally from membership in an organization, association, or alliance.退出：正式从一个组织、协会或同盟中退出〔penetrate〕To enter (an organization, for example), usually surreptitiously, so as to gain influence or information; infiltrate.打入，秘密潜入：进入（例如，一个组织）以便获取事实或信息；秘密潜入〔marginate〕To add margin to (a stock portfolio).给（一个组合证券）注入保证金〔exchequer〕Abbr. exch.,Exch.A treasury, as of a nation or an organization.缩写 exch.,Exch.国库，金库：一个国家或一个组织的金库〔personnel〕The body of persons employed by or active in an organization, business, or service.全体员工：在一个组织、商业或服务业中，被雇佣的或从事的全体人员〔bylaw〕A casual glance at the wordbylaw might make one think that the element by- means "secondary, subsidiary,” especially sincebylaw can mean "a secondary law.” It is possible thatby-, as in byway, has influencedbylaw in the sense "secondary law"; however,bylaw existed long before the sense in question. The word is first recorded in 1283 with the meaning "a body of customs or regulations, as of a village, manor, religious organization, or sect.”By- in this word comes from Old Norse, as may the wordbylaw, and is related to if not identical with the element -by in the names of many places, such as Whitby, where Scandinavians settled when they invaded England during the early Middle Ages.We get the sense of this-by if we compare the related word entered as bær, b÷r, bȳr, in the standard dictionary of Old Icelandic, meaning "a town or village" in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark and "a farm or landed estate" in Iceland. We thus see whybylaw would mean "a body of customs of a village or manor" and why we use the word to mean "a law or rule governing the internal affairs of an organization.”随意瞟一眼单词bylaw 可能会使人想起前缀 by- ，意为“第二位的，次要的”， 因为bylaw 意为“附属的法规”。 可能因为前缀by- 位于 byway 中， 它影响了bylaw “附属法规”这一意义； 然而bylaw 一词在上述意义产生之前早已存在。 该词最初是在1283年以“一种习俗或规章体系，如村庄、县邑、宗教组织或派系之中”这种含义记载的。前缀By- 来自古斯堪的纳维亚语中， 正如bylaw 一词在许多地名之中与后缀 -by 若不是完全一致，就是彼此相关， 如惠特比，这是斯堪的纳维亚人在中世纪早期侵入英格兰之后的定居地。如果我们将古冰岛标准字典中的相关词bær, b÷r, bȳr （在挪威、瑞典和丹麦这些国家中意为“城镇或村庄”而在冰岛意为“农场或庄园”）加以比较，就会得出后缀 -by 的含义。 我们因而可以明白为什么bylaw 一词意为“村庄或县邑的习俗体系” 以及我们为什么使用其“一种法规或规则，用于管理一个组织的内部事务”这一意义〔court〕The body of directors of an organization, especially of a corporation.董事会，理事会：一个组织董事们的全体，尤指公司的理事会〔line〕The personnel of an organization or a business who actually make a product or perform a service.作业人员，装配人员：一个组织或商业机构的人员，参与产品制造或提供服务〔organize〕To establish as an organization:建立：以一个组织的形式建立：〔share〕"You English gentlefolk do not let us share your griefs; you keep them to yourselves" (John Galsworthy).It can also refer to possession, use, or enjoyment in common by a group: “你们英国上流人士不让我们分担你们的不幸；你们自己承受它们” （约翰·高尔斯沃西）。它也可能指一个组织共享的财产、使用权或娱乐： 〔traumatize〕To wound or injure (a tissue), as in a surgical operation.伤害，损伤：伤害或损伤（一个组织），如在外科手术中〔governor〕The manager or administrative head of an organization, a business, or an institution.管理者：一个组织，企业，公司或学院的首脑〔roll〕A list of names of persons belonging to a group.花名册：属于一个组织的人的名单〔bylaw〕A law or rule governing the internal affairs of an organization.章程：一种法规或规则，用于管理一个组织的内部事务〔slot〕A position of employment in an organization or a hierarchy.职位：在一个组织或统治集团内受雇的职位〔machine〕An organized group of people whose members are or appear to be under the control of one or more leaders:核心，组织：一个组织的成员处于或看起来处于一个或多个领导人的控制下：〔tenet〕An opinion, doctrine, or principle held as being true by a person or especially by an organization.See Synonyms at doctrine 宗旨：一个人尤指一个组织所坚信的信念、理念或原则 参见 doctrine〔local〕A local chapter or branch of an organization, especially of a labor union.地方分支：一个组织的地方分会或分支，尤指工会的 |
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